d]/f]
egfO{
of]hgf / ljsf; Ps csf]{sf k'/s x'g\ .
ljsf;sf nflu of]hgf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . ljgf of]hgf yflnPsf] sfd oft 6'Ëf]df k'Ub}g
olb k'luxfNof] eg] klg To;sf lbuf]kg xF'b}g . jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf lhNnf ljsf;sf]
sfFwdf 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L ylkPsf] 5 . :yfgLo lhNnf ;/sf/s} ?kdf :yfgLo :jfoQ
zf;g P]gn] o;nfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
lhNnfdf /x]sf] Jofks ul/jLsf] :t/nfO{
Go"g u/L ;;DkGg ;';+:s[t cfw'lts P+j ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] l;h{gfsf ;fy{
lhNnfsf] ;du| / PsLs[t ljsf;sf nflu 6]jf k'uf];\ eGg] x]t'n] of] bz jif]{
bL3{sfnLg gLltut cjwf/0ff tof/ ul/Psf] xf] / o;nfO{ 5}6f} lhNnf kl/ifbn] klg
cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 lhNnfsf] lb3{sflng ljsf;sf ;fy} lhNnfsf] cfjlws
of]hgf th'{df ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 eGg] d}n] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .
=======================
5qklt dNn
;efklt
lhNNff ljsf; ;ldlt
?kGb]xL
d]/f] egfO
lhNnfsf] ;du|, lbuf]
ljsf; / pknAw >f]tnfO{ plrt ?kdf kl/rfng u/L lglZrt cjlwdf lhNnfnfO{ sxf+
k'¥ofpg] egg] ljz]if p2]Zosf ;fy o; lhNnfsf] cfkm\gf] bL3{sflng lhNnf ljsf;
of]hgsf gLltut cfwf/x? tof/ u/]sf] 5 . o; gLltut cfwf/x?n] ljleg If]qdf
bL3{sfnLg ?kdf s] s;/L hfg] s] s:tf kl/jt{g Nofpg] eGg] s'/fx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\
.
o; bL3{sfnLg gLltut
cjwf/0ffn] o; lhNnfn] tof/ ug{ nfu]sf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u
dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{5 eGg] cfzf 5 . o; bL3{sfnLg gLltut cfwf/ tof/ tyf k|sfzg ug]{
;Gbe{df ;+nUg ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ cflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
wGojfb, ho g]kfn .
============================
/fdrGb| 9sfn
pk;efklt
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
?kGb]xL
d]/f] egfO{
lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu
bL3{sfnLg gLltut cjwf/0ff x'g'kg]{ s'/f v8\sL/x]s} a]nf o; ?kGb]xL lhnf kl/ifb
@)%^ n] ljleGg r/0fsf] uf]i7L / a}7s u/L tof/ kf/]sf] lb3{sfnLg of]hgf÷gLlt
kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% df pNn]lvt s'/fx?nfO{ lhlj; sf]
lxtsf] kIfdf cEof; ub}{ hfg'kg]{ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ :jzf;g tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg
kg]{ cxd\ ;jfnx?sf]ljrdf /xL lhNnfsf] lb3sflng gLltut cjwf/0ff h'g tof/ ePsf] 5
o;n] lhNnfsf] cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;d]t pNn]vlgo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . o;
bL3{sflng of]hgf÷gLlt k|sfzg ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{ lhlj; ;b:o ;fyLx?,
;lrj, ljifout lgsfosf k|d'vx?, If]lqo÷lhNnf ljsf; ;Nnfxsf/ sfo{qmd clws[tx?
nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;a}nfO{ d o; lb3{sflng of]hgf÷gLlt tof/ ug]{ ;ldltsf]
;+of]hssf] x}l;otn] xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
wGojfb .
=========================
lzj/fh ;'j]bL
;+of]hs, lb3{sflng
of]hgf÷gLlt tof/L ;ldlt
tyf
lhlj; ;b:o
?kGb]xL
dGtJoM
bL3{sflng gLltut
cjwf/0ff ljsf;sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dfu{ bz{g xf] . cfufdL lbgx?df lhNnf leq
ul/g] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx?nfO{ s;/L / s'g tl/sfn] nUg] eGg] ljifodf o;sf]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]g] s'/fdf b'O{dt /xFb}g . l9n} ePklg ?kGb]xL
lhNnfsf] bL3{sflng ljsf;sf lgldQ of] ;f]r cfof] / o;n] d"t{tf klg k|fKt
ul/;s]sf] 5 . 5}6f} lhNnf kl/ifbn] ;d]t o;nfO{ ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf lgldQ
Guideline sf] ?kdf cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 .
casf lbgx?df of] !)
jif]{ lb3sfnLg gLltut cjwf/0ffn] lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu tof/ ul/g] cfjlws of]hgf
th'{df ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . of]hgfa4 lsl;dn] ul/Psf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd
lbuf] / l6sfp x'G5 . lhNnfsf] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfngsf cltl/Qm ;dfg'kflts
ljsf;sf nflu klg kmnbfoL x'g] of] gLltut cjwf/0ff lhNnfsf] dxTjk"0f{
lgwLsf] ?kdf d}n] lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .
=========================
wgaxfb'/ >]i7
:yfgLo ljsf; cwsf/L
lhNnf
ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sflng gLltut cjwf/0ff -@)%^_
kl/R5]b–!
?kGb]xL
lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro
?kGb]xL lhNnf k|frLg
zfSo, sf]lno -^)) O{;f k'j{_ sljnt /fHosf] sd{ ynf], zfSo s"ndf -%^# O{;f
k"j{ l;4fy{ uf}tdsf]_ oxL lhNnfsf] n'lDagLdf hGd / pxfFsf] bz{g ;fdflhs
lje]b jf hflto lje]b, lx+;f / anL c;Tosf] lj/f]w ;DalGw a'4 bz{g k|ltkfbs
e"ld n'lDagL g]kfsf] ;fj{ ef}ldstf arfpg' c+u|]h ;fd|fHojfbL lj?4 ljho
k|fKt u/]sf] oxL lhNnfsf] a'g=kf=df /x]sf] hLtu9L lsNnflg/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
P]ltxfl;s uf}/j ufyf af]s]sf] 7fpm o; lhNnfsf] k|fKt sflng dfgj ;Eotfsf] Oltxf;
clnlvt eP klg dfgj k'vf{ ! s/f]8 !) nfv jif{ k'/fgf] g/ jfg/sf] bfFt e]l6Psf]
r'/] >[+vnfsf] sfvdf /x]sf] lhNnf h;n] k|flrg k|ftM sflng dfgj ;Eotsf]
ljsf;sf] P]ltxfl;s k|df0fLstf af]s]sf] 5 . o;/L P]ltxfl;s lgwL uf}td a'4, ljzj
;+kbf ;"lrs[t n'lDagL If]q, uf}/j yfuf af]s]s]f hLtu9L lsNnf / k|fKt
P]ltxfl;s dfgj ;Eotfsf] k|lts dfgj k'vf{ æa'6jn lky]s;Æ -/fdlky]s;_ P]ltxfl;s
lhNnf ?kGb]xL g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] dfq ge{ em08} c:;L s/f]8 a'4dfuL{x? / Oltxf;, bz{g / k|fs[lt 1fgsf cfsf+IfL ljzj dfgj ;d'bfosf] cfsif{0fsf] lhNnf ag]sf] 5 .
klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q
cGt{ut n'lDagL c+rnsf] ?kGbxL lhNnf t/fO{sf] k|d'v lhNnf xf] . k"j{df
gjnk/f;L, klZrddf slknj:t', pQdf kfNkf / blIf0fdf ef/tsf] dxf/fhu+h lhNnf o;sf
l;dfgfx? x'g . ;d'b| ;txaf6 !%@ ld6/ b]lv !@!( ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df of] lhNnf
cjl:yt 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s'n If]qqmn !#^&=&) ju{ ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 . o;
lhNnfdf ^( ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, b'O{ gu/kflnsf, !& O{nfsf / kffr ;+;bLo
lgjf{rg If]qx? 5g\ .
oxfFsf k|d'v
hghfltdf a|fxd0f,If]qL, yf?, d;'ndfg, ofbj, nf]w, u'?Ë, kf;L, t]nL, dNnfx, wf]jL cflb x'g . /fli6«o efiff g]kfnL ePklg o; lhNnfdf ^!Ü n] cjwL, @$Ü n]
g]kfnL, (Ü n]yf? / ^Ü n] ljleGg efiffx? af]Ng] u/]s] kfOG5 .
o; lhNnfsf] d'Vo
k]zf s[lif g} xf] / s'n If]qqmn dWo] *%(@@@ x]S6/ hdLg v]tLkftLsf] nflu pko'Qm
/x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf ;tx l;+rfO{, e"ldutl;+rfO{ / lnˆ6 l;+rfO{sf]
dfWodaf6 $*Ü v]tL of]Uo hldgsf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . l;+rfO{sf] d"Vo
>f]t glb gfnf ePklg jiff{ofddf cWolws kfgLsf axfjn] ubf{ e"–Ifo, af9L
klx/f]/ glb s6fg h:tf uDeL/ ;d:ofx? pTkGg x'g] ub{5g\ . ;dtn e"–efu,
oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf -l;4fy{ / dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] d'Vo of]ubfg_, sRrf k4fy{
pknAwtf, d]lzg/L cf}hf/x?sf] k}7f/Ldf ;'udtf / pknAw ahf/sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ o;
lhNnfdf 7"nf, demf}nf / ;–;fgf ljljw pBf]ux? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . a'6jn /
l;4fy{gu/ o; lhNnfsf kxTjk"0f{ cf}wf}lus P+j Jofkf/L If]q x'g\ .
o; lhNnfsf] d'Vo
cfDbfgLsf] >f]t s[lif ePtf klg If]qsf] k5f}6] pTkfbg ;DaGW / k|j[l4sf]
sf/0fn] of] lhNnfdf nueu $)Ü k|ltzt hgtf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . of] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf ;"rs x]bf{ o; lhNnf /fli6«o ;"rsdf
%) ;f} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 eg] ul/jL / ljkGgtfsf] cfwf/df o; lhNnf ## ;f} :yfgdf
/x]sf] dflgG5 . -o"=Pg= k|ltj]bg !((*_ o; lhNnfsf] e"–agf}6,
xfjfkfgL, df}h'bf k"jfwf/x? -ck|ofKt ePklg_ s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu
cg's"n tTjx? /x]sf] sf/0fn] pTkfbgsf ljlwGg If]qx? dWo] s[lif Ps
dxTjk"0f{ If]q /x]sf] 5 .
o; lhNnfdf P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs,
;f:s[lts, wfld{s / k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tfsf If]qx? -n'lDagL, b]jbx, hLtu9L, ;}gf,
d}gf, ljleGg dlGb/x?, r'/] kj{t kxf8L >[+vnf cflb_ ljBdfg ePsf]n] ko{6g
;"ud If]qsf] ljsf;sf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;u/L oftfoft /
;+rf/sf] I]fqdf of] lhNnfsf] ;'ud tyf ljsl;t dflgG5 . o;}u/L b"/ ;+rf/,
x'nfs ;]jf, a}lsË ;'ljwf / ljB"t ;]jf t'ngfTds ?kn] /fd|f] b]lvG5 .
hflto ljljwtfsf]
sf/0fn] o; lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs hghLjgdf klg hghftL÷wd{ / efiff efifLsf] k|efj
k/]sf] kfO{G5 . oxfFsf] ;fdflhs hghLjgdf g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn If]lqo l/jfhsf]
cnfjf l;dfjlt{ lhNnf ePsf]n] ef/tLo
;+:s[ltn]klg 7"nf] k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o; lhNnfsf] s'n
hg;+Vof ;g\ !((* df ^%#@$& -s]lGb|o tYof+s ljefu_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . s'n
hg;+Vof dWo] k'?if / dlxnf sl/j a/fa/ 5g\ . o; lhNnfdf vf; u/L l5d]sL kxfl8
lhNnfx?sf] ;fy} clw/fHosf c? lhNnfx?af6 a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L cfpg] b/df j[l4 x'Fb} uO/x]sf] ul/Psf] 5 . xfn o; lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] j[l4b/ #=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sflng gLltut
cjwf/0ff -@)%^_
kl/R5]b–@
sfo{ljlw
@=! k[li7e"ldM
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgn]
ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfWod4f/f ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;dkgg hgtfnfO{ zf;g k|s[ofdf cflwsflws
dfqfdf ;lDdlnt x'g] cj;/ h'6fO{ k|fhftflGqs nfex?sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf
sfod ug'{ /fHosf] d'Vo bfloTj x'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;fwgsf] kl/rfng, ljlgof]hg / ljsf;sf]
k|ltkmnsf] ;+t'lnt tyf ;dfg ljt/0fdf ;fdflhs ;dfgtf Nofpg] sfo{df hghftL,
cflbjf;L, blnt / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s b'li6sf]0fn] lk5l8Psf ju{ ;d]tsf ;du|
hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf clej[l4 ub}{ ljsf; k|s[ofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 .
ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] oxL dd{nfO{ a'em]/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
?kGb]xLn] ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd nfu' eP kZrft ljut tLg jif{ b]lv
;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df k|s[of tyf ;xeflutfTds cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|s[of
z'/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . pQm k|s[of cg';f/ a:tx?af6 -a9f dfkm{t_ cfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ ufpF kl/ifb, O{nfsf x'Fb} lhNNff
ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 kf; u/L /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf k7fpg] sfo{
eO{/x]sf] 5 . olx k|s[of cg';f/ cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ b]lv cg'udg tyf
d"Nof+sg / sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf hgtfx? k|ToIf ;l/s eO{ ;jn kIfx?nfO{ :jLsf/L
b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ k'gM bf]x/Lsg glbgsf nflu hgtfx? :jo+ ;ts{ x'g]
ub{5g\ .
?kGb]xL lhNnfdf ;xeflutfTds k|s[ofaf6 of]hgf th'{df /
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] z'?jft ePtfklg ;a}nfO{ PsLs[t ?kdf ;d]6]/ Pp6f
bL3{sflng ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfpg g;lsPsfn] lhnfsf] cfly[s tyf
;fdflhs ljsf;sf] nflu :ki6 lbzf klxNofpg ;lsPs]f 5}g . lb3{sflng ljsf;sf :ki6
cjwf/0ff / tt\ ;DaGwL :ki6 dfu{bz{gsf] cefjdf If]qut gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? lar
tfbfDo sfod x'g g;s]sfn] o;sf] k|efj lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;df ;d]t kg{ ;Sg] lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltn] dx;'; u/]sf] 5 .
o;}nfO{ b[li6ut u/L ?kGb]xL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfufdL
lbgx?df lhNnfsf] >f]t, ;fwg / ;DefJotfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} lhNnfsf] ;fdfg'kflts
/ lbuf] ljsf; ug]{ tkm{ of]hgfa4 tj/n] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ultljlwx?nfO{ pGd'v
ug{sf] lglDt lhNnfsf] lb3{sflng gLlt ;DalGw cjwf/0ff tof/ ug{ nfu]sf] 5 .
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% nfu' eO{;]s]sf] cj:yfdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnfsf]
;du| ljsf; ;DaGwL s[ofsnfkx?df ;d'lrt lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{ ;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . o;} tYonfO{ dgg u/]/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 lhNnfsf]
lb3{sflng gLlt ;DalGw cjwf/0ff tof/ kfg]{ sfo{sf] lglDt g]t[Tj ln+OPsf] xf] .
@=@ p2]ZoM
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] lb3{sflng b[li6sf]0fsf] d"n p2]Zo
xfn JofKt u/]sf] Jofks ul/jLsf] :t/nfO{ sd u/L Ps ;';DkGg, ;';+:s[t, cfw'lgs
P+j lzko'Qm ;dtf d"ns ;dfhsf] ;[hgf ug]{ xf] . h; cg'?k g]kfssf] gjf}
of]hgfn] lnPsf] nIonfO{ ;3fpg] 5 . o;sf cGo p2]Zox?dfM
!= cfufdL !) jif{sf nflu
lhNNffsf] ;du| / PsLs[t ljsf;sf nflu ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ dfu{bz{g lbg] .
@= lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg
ljifout lgsfox? Pj+ cGo ;+3 ;+:yf ljr ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f >[hgf u/L ljsf;
lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] .
#= lhNNffsf] ;du| ljsf;sf] nfu
ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfx? cGt/fli6«o Pj+ /fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? P+j cGo
ljleGg lgsfox?nfO{ sfd ug{ plrt jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf ug'{ xf] .
@=# cWoog k4ltM
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] lb3{sflng
/0fgLlt cjwf/0ff tof/ kfg]{ sfo{sf] lglDt ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lhNnf ljsf;
;ldlt, ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 / g]kfn
;fd'bflos ;]jf ;d"xsf] ;+o'Qm tTjfjwfgdf ps kfFr lbg] lhNnf :t/Lo
;xeflutfTds sfo{gLlts of]hgf k|s[of uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm
uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?, ljifout sfof{nosf k|d'vx?, u}/ ;/sf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx? / s]xL uf=lj=;= cWoIfx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . pQm uf]i7Ln] o;
lhNnfsf] k|d'v k|fyldstfsf If]qx?s]f klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] . o afx]s o; lhNnfsf]
lb3{sflng /0fgLlt tof/ kfg{ lgDg adf]lhdsf] cWoog k2lt cjnDag ul/Psf] lyof] .
@=#=! lhNnfsf] jf:tljs l:yltsf
klxrfgM
lhNnfsf] jf:tljs l:yltsf] klxrfg, ljsf; sfo{qmdx?sf]
d"Nof+sg tyf cg'ejsf] clej[lb u/L eljiosf] of]hgfj4 ljsf; k|s[ofdf c?
kl/is[t u]{ p2]Zon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf] lhNnf ;"rgf s]Gb|df k|fKt
lgDgfg';f/sf ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx?nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 .
lhNNffsf] cWofjlws j:t'
k|ltj]bg .
lhNnfsf] jflif{s
d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg .
lhNnfsf] cfjlws of]hgf .
k|To]s uf=lj=;= / g=kf= sf]
k|f/lDes ;"rgf .
lhNnfsf] ;li6ut jflif{s
sfo{qmd .
lhNnf leq ;+rfng e}/x]sf
;/sf/L u}/ /sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f tyf k|ult k|ltj]bg .
lhNnfdf leq ul/Psf cWoog –
cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgx? .
lhNnf l:yt ljifout lgsfox?sf]
;+:yfut k|ltj]bg .
lhNnf l:yt ljifout lgsfox?sf]
;+:yfu ljXn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bg .
lhNnf l:yt ljifout lgsfox?sf]
cfly{s ljZn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bg .
If]qut ljZn]if0ffTds
k|ltj]bgx? .
@=#=@ sfo{bnsf ;b:ox?df sfo{
ljefhg .
@=#=# lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf
kbflwsf/Lx?, ljifout lgsfox?, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu 5nkmn, /fo ;'emfj ;+sng
.
@=#=$ /fo ;'emfjsf] jlu{s/0f,
cWoog / ljZn]if0f .
@=#=% k|f/lDes d:of}bf k|ltj]bg
tof/ .
@=#=^ sfo{bndf 5nkmn / /fo ;'emfj
;+sng .
@=#=& d:of}bf kl/dfh{g
pk;ldlt u7g .
@=#=* lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf
k|:t'lts/0f / 5nkmn .
@=#=( lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t
lhNnf kl/ifbdf k]z .
@=#=!) lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 /fo ;'emfj
;+sng .
@=#=!! clGtd b:tfj]h tof/ .
kl/R5]b–#
lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL3{sfnLg b[li6sf]0f / gLltut Joj:yf
#=! lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tyf
bL3{sfnLg b[li6sf]0fM
:yfgLo
>f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfng / dfgljo Ifdtfsf] k|:km'6g ub}{ dfgljo
cfjZostf k"/f ug{ jftfj/0fdf k|lts'n c;/ gkg]{ u/L / ;fdflhs ?kdf u|fXo
;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] lg/Gt/ k|s[of g} ljsf; xf] .
b]zdf k~r jlif{o of]hgfsf] ?kdf @)!#
;fnaf6 yfngL e} xfn ;Dd cf7f} k~r jlif{o of]hgfsf] cjlw klg kf/ e} gj} of]hgf
nfu" e};Sbf klg :yfgLo lb3{sflng ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|f?k tof/ ug]{ sfo{
ePsf] b]lvb}g . ljutsf ljsf; lgdf{0f of]hgfx? s]xL ljifodf dfq l;ldt ePsf] /
Tof] klg of]hgfsf kmfO{nx?df dfq l;ldt e} sfof{Gjogdf klg tbf?stf gb]vfPsf]
k|;Fudf xfn cfP/ bL3{sflng ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;du| k|f?k tof/ x'g] z'e ;+s]t b]vf
k/]sf 5g\ . lb3{sflng ljsf;sf] :ki6 ;f]r ljsf; ;DalGw k|i6 vfsfsf cefjdf If]qut
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? aLr tf/tDo sfod x'g g;s]sf]n] o;sf] c;/ b]zsf] cfly{s
j[l¢b/df ;d]t kg]{ b]lvG5 . t;y{ lhNnfdf JofKt ljßdfg ul/jL, clzIff,
a]/f]huf/L, ;fdflhs, cfly{s pTkL8g h:tf ;d:ofx?nfO{ bL3{sflng kl/k|]Iodf s;/L
;dfwfg ub}{ hfg] eGg] ;f]rfO{sf] cefjdf oL dfly pNn]lvt ;d:ofx? emg hl6n aGb}
uO/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} bL3{sflng k|s[ltsf p2]Zox? cfjlws of]hgfx?sf]
k|fyldstfqmddf km/s kfb}{ hfgfn] tL p2]Zo k|flKtdf /xg' kg]{ bL3{sflng k|lta¢tf
/ lg/Gt/tf g/xFbf ljsf; k|of;n] ck]lIft glthf lbg ;s]g . t;y{ bL3{sflng cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df !) jif]{ bL3{sflng
ljsf;sf] nIo lglZrt ul/Pdf dfq cfjlws of]hgfx?nfO{ ;f] nIo k|fKtLsf nflu
lgb]{lzt ug{ / of]hgf cGtu{t ;+rfngdf NofOg] sfo{qmdx?df Ps?ktf tyf lg/Gt/tf
lbg ;lsg]5 . o; lhNnfdf ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd nfu'eP kZrft s]xL
dfqfdf ePklg sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ b]lv ah]6 lgdf{0f, of]hgf lgdf{0f k|s[of,
;"rgf k|0ffnL, ljifout lgsfox?;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;'wf/ P+j ;sf/fTds kfOnf
6]s]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}sf] k|ltkmn xfn cfP/ o; lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] klg ;du| ?kdf
ljsf;sf] nflu bL3{sflng ;f]rsf] ;fy} gLlt, nIo, p2]Zo, /0gLlt cflb ;lxtsf]
bL3{sflng b[li6sf]0f / gLltut dfu{bz{gsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . h;af6
of]hgf lgdf{0f, ah]6 th{'df tyf ljt/0f, k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f cflbdf 6]jf k'Ug]5
;fy} s]xL aif{sf] cGt/fndf s] s:tf glthf k|fKt x'g] ;f] yfxf kfpg ;lsg]5 .
b]z ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ tyf lhNnf
;/sf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgDg a'+bfdf /xL bL3sflng ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ff cjnDag ug]{5 .
!= hgtfsf] hLjg :t/ psf:g tyf
cfjZos ;'ljwf k|bfg u/L hgtfsf] afRg] cfwf/nfO{ j[l4 ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ljsf;sf
k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0fnfo{ k|fyldstf qmdsf] cfwf/df k"/f ub}{ nlug] 5 .
@= cf}krfl/s, cgf}krfl/s /
ljz]if ;d'x ;lxtsf] If]qsf] ljsf; ;Fu} r]tgfsf] :t/ tyf lzk k|ljlw clej[l4 ub}{
nlug] 5 .
#= cfjzos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 To;af6 ul/g] ljsf;
lgdf{0f h; cGt{ut pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{
j}1fglgs s[lif k|0ffnL cjnDag ug{, kz' ljsf; k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgs tyf
j}1flgss/0f ul/ahf/sf] Joj:yf ;'lglzrt ug{, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg
tyf k|j4{g ug{, ko{6g tyf wfdL{s cfsif{0f s]Gb|nfO[ 6]jf k'¥ofpg ljleGg cfo
d'ns >f]tsf] vf]hL ul/g]5 .
$= dfgjLo >f]t ljsf;nfO{
k|f]T;fxg tyf k|j4{g ub}{ k|fs[lts >f]tsf] ;+/If0f / kl/rfng ug]{ gLlt lnOg]
5 .
%= cfjZos zx/Ls/0fnfO{ of]hgfa4
P+j bL3{sflng ;f]rsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g] 5 .
^= hgk|ltlglwx/sf] Ifdtfdf
ljsf; u/L g=kf= tyf uf=lj=;= x/nfO{ cfly{s lge{/tf / :jfoQ agfpg k|of; ul/g]5 .
&= lasf; tyf ;]jf ;DalGw
;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/ tyf cfw'lgs joj:yfkgdf hf]8 lbO{g]5 .
#=@ bL3{sflng ljsf;sf] nIoM
JofKt ul/aL sd u/L Ps
;';:+s[t, cfw'lgs P+j l;kd"ns pGgtf]Gd'v ;dfhsf] >[hgf ug'{ ?kGb]xL
lhNnfsf] k|d'v nIo /x]sf] 5 .
jt{dfg g]kfnsf] d"n
;d:ofsf] h/f] g} ul/jL /x]sf] / ;f] ;d:ofaf6 of] lhNnf klg c5'tf] 5}g . xfn s'n
hg;+Vofsf] $)Ü hg;+Vof ul/jLsf] /]vf d'lg /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . t;y{ o; dfdnfdf
?kGb]xL lhNnf klg d"Qm gePsf] k|;+Ëdf o; lhNnfdf cfufdL !) jif{ leq
ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] hg;+VofnfO{ @)Ü eGbf sddf
emfg]{ nIo /flvPsf]5 . ;f] nIo k|fKtLsf lglDt lgDg s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg
lbOg]5 .
#=@=! cfly{s ljsf;M
ljBdfg ul/jL / j]/f]huf/L
cGTo ug{sf nflu b]zdf k|fKt l;ldt ;fwg / >f]tnfO{ lbuf] ?kdf k|of]u ub}{
l;Ëf] lhNnfdf hgtfsf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNb} pTkfbg j[l4sf
pkfox?sf] lgSof}n ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . ltg} pkfox? dWo] o; lhNnf l:yt >f]t /
;fwg h:t} jg, e"–pkof]u, s[lif, kz'kfng, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, ko{6g
ljsf;, cfjZos lzkd"ns lzIff / tflndsf] plrt ;b'kof]u / Joj:yfkg ug'{ g}
jt{dfg ;Gbe{df cfly{s nIo dfGg' k5{ . vf; ul/sg o; lhNnfdf /x]sf] s[lif of]Uo
hldgdf pGgt ljp ljhg, cfod'ns tyf Joj;flosd"ns –j}1flgs_ v]tL k|0fnLsf]
dfWodaf6 pTkfbgdf j[l4 u/L hgtsf] hLjg :t/ psf:g ;lsg] ePsf] x'gfn] cfjZos
l;+rfO{ ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yfsf] ;fyu} kz'kfng, kmnkm'n v]tLsf] lj:tf/ tyf
cfw'lgsLs/0fdf hf]8 lbO{g]5 . o;sf ;fy} wfld{s tyf ko{6g :yndf cfjZos
k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; u/L cfGt/Ls tyf jfXo ko{6g ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 cfo
cfh{gsf] ;fy} a]/f]huf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f ug]{ tkm{ hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;fdflhs kl/rfng4f/f
ufpF ljsf; sfo{qmd @* j6f uf=lj=;=df ;+rflngt sfo{qmdnfO{ lta| kfb}{ lzkd'ns
tflnd k|bfg u/L hgtfaf6 g} art ;+sng ub}{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/nfO{ Wofg /fvL cfTd
lge{/ u/fOg]5 / o;sf] nflu cfufdL kfr jif{ leq lh=lj=;= af6 of] sfo{qmd qmlds
?kdf ;Dk"0f uf=lj=;= / g=kf= sf lk5l8Psf If]qdf lj:tf/ ul/g] 5 . klZrdL t/fO{
ul/jL lgjf/0f kl/of]hgf sfo{qmd klg qmlds ?kdf lj:tf/ ul/b} nlug]5 . o:t} u/L
dlxnf ;zlQms/0f h:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf] ?k lbgsf] nflu lhNnf el/ g} of] sfo{qmd
nfu' ub}{ nfgsf] nflu kxn sbdL u/Lg] 5 . lhNnfsf ljleGg !# uf=lj=;= df ;+rflnt
dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ klg cGo uf=lj=;= df klg lj:tf/ ug{sf] nflu sbd rflng] 5
.
#=@=@ ;fdflhs ljsf;M
cfly{s j[l4 b/ / ul/jLsf]
/]vfd'gLsf hg;+vofsf] l:yltdf x'g] ;'wf/n] ax';+Vs hgtfsf] lxtnfo{ ;'lglZrt
ub{5 . csf]{lt/ lgdg cfo ePsf hgtfsf] hLjg;t/ ;'wfg{nfO{ kl/nlIft ug{ cGo
kl/;'rsx? h:t} d[To'b/, lzz' d[To'b/, j[l4, clzIff, cflb Go"g ug]{
sfo{qmdnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g' kb{5 . t;y{ cf=j=)%^÷)%& b]lv qmlds ?kdf lhNnf
el/ g} lhNnf :jf:Yo ;'b[9Ls/0f kl/of]hgf (DHSP) tyf u|fdL0f cfg]kfgL
tyf;/;kmfO{ ;xof]u sfo{qmd dfkm{t sof{qmd nfu' ul/g] epaf6 ;/;kmfO{, vfg]kfgL,
tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;xof]u sfo{qmd dfkm{t sof[qmd nfu' ul/g] epaf6 ;/;kmfO{, vfg]kfgL,
:jf:Yo l:yLt tyf afn / dlxnf :jf:Yodf k|ToIf k|efj k/L afn d[To'b/, dft[
d[To'b/, k|hgg b/, kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fy} cGo dxfdf/L ;?jf /f]ux?sf] lgjf/0f /
z] lIfs l:yltdf ;'wf/ l/g] 5 .
?kGb]xL lhNnf Pr=cfO{=eL=÷ P8;af6 k|efljt lhNnf b]lvPsf] /
?kGb]xLsf] ;'gf}nL gfsf b]zsf} Pp6f k|d'v
/ 7'nf] gfsfx? dWo] /x]sf]n]
ef/tl;t v'nf l;dfgfn] ubf{ o; gfsfaf6 clw/fHo e/Ls} lhNnfaf6 r]nLa]6L a]r lavg ug{ ef/t n}hfg] k|d'v4f/ tyf ef/taf6
lj:yflkt eP/ g]kfnL r]nLj]6L o;} gfsfaf6 g]kfn cfpg] epsf]n]o;sf]
/f]syfdsf nflu Pp6f 7f]; sfo{glltsf]
th'{df ul/g]5 . o;/L lj:;yflkt ePsf g]kfnL r]nLa]6Lx?nfO{ tyf Pr=cfO{=eL ÷P8;
nfu]sf JolQmx?sf] nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf hfu/0f, ;jf:Yo ;]jf, lziff h:tf sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ub}{ k/fdz{ s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g]5 . k'gM :yfkgf s]Gb|sf nflu lghL If]qnfO{
k|f]T;fxg / ;fem]bf/Lsf] lglDt kxn ul/g]5 .
#=@=# dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;M
dfgjLo ljsf; jf:tjdf s'g} klg
ljsf;sf] clGtd p2]Zo xf] . d"n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;n] Psflt/
dfgjLo ljsf;nfo{ nIo u/]sf] x'G5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ to:tf] lsl;dsf] nIo xfl;n ug{
dfgjLo ;+;fwgngo{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf lnPsf] x'G5 . o;} kl/k|]Ifdf
:yfgLo ;jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% n] :yfglo txdf dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{, /f]huf/
tyf :j/f]hf/sf] cj;/ k|fKt x'g] Joj:yf ;[hgf ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ;yfgLo txdf cfjZos pko'Q, dfgjLo
;+;fwgsf] lhNnf tyf ufFp :t/d} ljsf; u/L lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut tyf ;fdfg'kflts
ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] :yfgLo ;+oq tyf dfgjlo >f]tsf] ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5
. :yfgLo :t/df dfgj ljsf;sf] l:yltdf
;'wf/ Nopg] d"n nIo xfl;n ug[ ljleGg
ljifout If]q Pj+ :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] sfdnfO{ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; zfvf dfkm{t
Plss[t u/L ;=:yfut ljsf; k|of; z'? ub}{ nlug]5
#=# lb3{sflng ljsf;sf] /0fgLltM
?kGb]xL lhNnfn] ;a}sf] Pp6} lgDg a'+bfdf
/xL bl3{sflng ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug]{5 .
!= æxfdLx? ;a}sf] Pp6} rfxgf,
r]tgzln ;dtfd'ns ?kGb]xlsf] >[hgfÆ sf] cjwf/0fnfO{
d"n gLlt dfGb} ljsf;sf sfo{df æxft yfk]/ x}g xft rnfP/Æ eGg] dGqnfO{
/fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf ?kdf cuf8L n}hfg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o;}n] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df 36\bf] hg;xeflutfnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L
cleofgsf /kdf cTolws hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ug]{ gLlt lng] / o; sfddf pbfx/0f aGg]
JolQm, jf=uf=lj=;= nfO{ lh=lj=;= af6 k'/:s[t ug]{ gllt lnOg]5 .
@= cfof]hg :ynd} cof]hgfsf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] of]hgf af]8{ /fvL
of]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{ kf/bzL{ ul/g]5 .
#= ;DkGg of]hgfx? ;+/If0fsf nflu uf=lj=;= dfkm{t k|To]s pkef]Qmf
;ldltx?nfO{ lhddf nufpb] hfg] / ltgsf] dd{t ;+ef/ tkm{ cfof]hgfsf] dd{t, ;+ef/
sf]i /fvL pkef]Qmx?nfO{ cem] ;lqmo / cftdlge{/ agfpb} hfg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
$= u|fdL0f txsf ljsf;sf nflu ufpF kl/ifbsf lg0f{onfO{ pRr
k|fyldstf lbb} >f]t ;fwg / k|fljlws b[li6n] ;+ej of]hg qmdz ;+rfng ub}{
nlug]5 .
%= lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt cfkm}
g]t[TjbfoL ;=:yfsf /kdf :yflkt x'Fb} hfg] / o;sf nflu g]t[TjbfoL
hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ tbg'?k ;Ifd agfpg] / ;f]sf] nflu ;yfgLo lgsfox?, >L % sf]
;/sf/, ljifout lgsfox?, ljleGg
bft[;+:yfx?, /fli6«o cGt/fil6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / ljsf;sf ;+jfxs
hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
^= ljsf; of]hgfsf] cg'bfg pknAw
u/fpbf bfdf;fxL ug]{ k|a[ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L 7f]; / vf; ljsf; of]hgfdf /sd
ljlgof]hg ug][ gLlt lnOg]5 .
&= lh=lj=;= sf] cg'bfgaf6
;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ of]hgfx? ;f] cf=j=sf] cGTo ;Dd klg ;Demf}tf gx'g] u/]sf]n]
cf=j= )%&÷)%* b]lv To:tf of]hgfx? ;Demf}tf gu/fpg] gLlt lng] / of]hgf Ps}
cf=j= leq ;DkGg ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf afx]s ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
cf=j= leq lgdf{0f ;DkGg gx'g] of]hgfnfO{ afFsL /sd e'QmfgL glbg] / ;Da4
lzif{sdf /sd km5of}{6 gu/L yk lgsf;f glbg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 -ljz]if kl/l:ylt
eGgfn] of]hgfsf] k|s[lt lg/Gt/ jf qmdfut eGg] a'lemg]5_ .
*= s[lif, kz' ;]jfnfO{ cfw'lgs
P+j j}1flgs 9+un] ljsf; u/L ahf/s]f Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ltgaf6 cfo cfh{gsf 6]jf
k'¥ofpb} ljsf;sf] cgo nIo xfFl;n ul/g] 5 .
(= lzIffdf ;dfg cj;/, kx'Fr, u'0ffTds
;'wf/ tyf cfGt/Ls P+j jfXo Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ub}{ nlug] 5 .
!)= dfgj >f]t ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fsf/ ?k k|bfg u/L ltgnfO{ lgdf{0fdf kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .
!!= dlxnf ;zlQms/0f ljsf;df
dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] / dlxnf cfTdlge{/tfnfO{ k|j2{g ug]{ vfnsf]
lzk d'ns P+j cfod'ns, pTkfbgd'ns sfddf ;xof]u k¥ofpg ;fdflhs kl/rfng4f/f
u|fld0f ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ qmlds ?kdf kfFr jif{ leq ;a} uf=lj=;= df nfu' ul/g] 5
.
#=$ bL3sflng ljsf;sf] gLlt tyf
sfo{gLltM
$)Ü eGbf a9L hgtfx? ul/jLsf]
/]vfd'gL afFRg ljj; e}/x]sf tYo Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofn] b]z
emg cfqmfGt aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k|ltJolQm cfo (Per Capita Income) @)) 8n/
eGbf Go"g 5 eg] a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt emGb} $=(Ü / cw{ a]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf
$&Ü eGbf a9L x'g' l;Ë} b]zsf] nflu 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf]
b]lvG5 . emg b]zdf JofKt lzIfLt a]/f]huf/n] t z}lIfs If]df ;d]t lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5
. o:tf] ;Gbe{df xfd|f] ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf klg o; lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] b]zsf]
;d:ofnfO{ Go"g kfg{ xfn o; lhNnfdf k|fKt l;ldt >f]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u ub}{
cfod"ns, pTkfbg d"ns, /f]huf/ d"ns sfo{df hgtfnfO{ ;xefuL agfpg]
gltsf] cfjZostf 5 . o; lhNnf l:yt u|fld0f If]qdf lzIffsf] cefj b]lvPsf] eg] 5
eg] zx/L If]qdf lzlIft a]/f]huf/Ln] o; ?kGb]xL lhNnf klg d'Qm /xg ;s]s]f 5}g .
ctM ul/jL lgjf/0f tyf /f]huf/L k|j4{gnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpgsf] nflu s[lif ljsf;nfO{
j}1flgs P+j k|lt:kwf{Tds ?Kfdf nuL pTkfbgdf j[l4 u/fpg', kz' ljsf;nfO{ pGGft
tl/sfn] ljsf; u/L ahf/ Joj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrt kfg{ ko{6g ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{,
lzk d"ns, cfod"ns tflnd lbO{ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u wGbfnfO{ km:6fpg
lbg, art / C0fsf] plrt Joj:yf ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ug'{ lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .
gLlt tyf sfo{gLltM
!= æxfdLx? ;a}sf] p6} rfxgf,
r]tgzLn ;dtfd"ns ?kGb]xLsf] >[hgfÆ sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"ngLlt dfGb}
æljsf; sfo{df xft yfk]/ x}g xfn rnfP/Æ eGg] dGqnfO{ ;fsf/ ?k lbgsf] nflu cfly{s
j[l4 x'g] vfnsf lzk d"ns, /f]huf/L d"ns, cfo d"ns h:tf of]hgf
;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 .
@= ul/jLsf] Go"g :t/
>dhLlj kl/jf/df JofKt 5 . /f]huf/Lsf cj;/nfO{ pNn]vlgo ?kdf a9fpb}
a]/f]huf/L / cw{ a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:yltdf Jofks ;'wf/ NofP/ ul/jLsf] cGTo ug]{
sfo{qmd nfu' ug]{ . :j–/f]huf/sf cj;/x? / cGo /f]huf/sf cj;/x/s]f Jofks ?kdf
l;h{gf u/L ul/jnfO{ /f]huf/L / /f]huf/af6 k|fKt x'g cfo pNn]vgLo j[l4 ug]{5 .
u|fld0f If]qdf o:tf /f]huf/ l;h{gf x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf k|ToIf nufgL ug{sf nfuL
ljleGGf lgsfox?;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{ ;fy} gLlh If]qnfO{ klg nufgL ug]{ plrt
jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf ul/g]5 .
#= dfgljo ljsf;sf nfu k|fylds
tyf cfwf/e"t lzIff, k|}f9 lzIff, k|f}9 ;fIf/tf, lzk ljsf;, cfwf/e"t
tyf k|fyldstf :jf:Yo ;]jf, kf]if0f tyf vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf cfo d"ns tyf
Joj;flos d"ns v]tL k|0ffnL h:tf If]qx?df Jofks ?kdf sfo{qmdx ul/jx? tkm{
nlIft u/L ;~rfng ul/g]5 . aflnsf tyf dlxnfx? lzIff tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf k'?ifx?sf]
bfFhf]df w]/} kl5 k/]sf] xfnsf] l:yltsf] cGTo ug{ ljz]if kxn ul/g]5 .
$= Ps æ:yfgLo 6«i6 sf]ifÆ
:yfkgf u/L ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWod4f/f zx/ / u|fld0f b'j} If]qdf Go"g cfo
ePsf ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t kf/L artsf] kl/kf6L z'? u/L pgLx?sf] artsf] ;lx
;b'kof]usf] nfu zLk ljsf;df hf]8 lbP/ ul/jL lgjf/0f cleofgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofOg]
xfn ;+rflnt ;fdflhs kl/rfng4f/f ufFp ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ @* af6 qmdz j[l4 ub}{
lhNnfsf ;dk"0f{ uf=lj=;=df nlug] 5 .
%= clwsf+z >d zlQmsf] cfwf/
s[lif If]q g} ePsf]n] o; If]qdf Joj;foLs/0f tyf ljljlws/0f Nofpg] / afnLsf]
;+3gtf a9fpg] h:tf sfo{qmdndO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf tyf k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
^= s[lif ljsf;df ultlzntf P+j
lg/Gt/tf Nofpg / lbuf] k|s[ltsf yk /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? l;h{gf ug{ s[lif hGo
pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg] 5 .
&= zx/L P+j u|fld0f If]qdf
;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux?af6 pTkfbglzn /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? lbnfpg ;+efJo 3/]n' pBf]ux?s]f
ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg] 5 .
*= u|fld0f Pj+ zx/L If]qdf cfo
d"ns /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{ ko{6g Ps k|d'v Jojzfo ePsf] x'gfn] /f]huf/
k|j4{gdf o; If]qsf] e"ldsf a9fpg >dd"ns ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf
lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg] 5 .
(= u|fld0f k"jf{wf/sf]
ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf qmddf ljleGGf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
>f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] ;xof]u cGt{ut ;+rflnt x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{x? klg lhNnfsf]
sfo{ of]hgf;Fu cfj4 ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
!)= ljleGGf lgsfox?df 5l/P/
/x]sf zLk tyf /f]huf/d"ns tflnd sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;dGjofTds ?kdf ;+rfng u/fpg
s]Gb| / :yfgLo txdf ;/sf/ u}/ ;/sf/L / gLlh If]q ;d]tsf] k|ltgLlwTj x'g] u/L
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf Pp6f dfgjLo ;+;f]wg ljsf; s]Gb| vf]lng] 5 / pqm s]Gb|df
/f]huf/Lsf gofF gofF If]qx?sf] Plsg u/L ;'xfFpbf] :j/f]huf/d"ns Joj;flos
tflndsf] Joj:yf ug{ kxn sbdL ul/g] 5 .
!!= lhNnfdf ljBdfg /f]huf/L
;DalGw tflnd lbg] sfof{no, lgsfo / ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljleGg If]q cGt{ut /f]uuf/L
sfo{qmddf dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg] sfo{df lh=lj=;= n] lgb]{zg tyf ;Nnfx lbOg] 5 .
!@= a9\bf] >dzlQmsf] rfknfO{
sd ug{ hg;+Vof, lzIff tyf hg;+Vof lgoGq0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbO{ Jofks
ug]{5 . u|fld0f tyf b'u{d If]qdf ;+rfng ul/g] ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd / hg;+Vof lzIff,
jftfj/0f lzIff, :jf:Yo lzIff h:tf kIfdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd cfjl4t
?kdf ;+rfng u/fO{ Jofkstf t'NofOg]5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt ljifout lgsfo, u}/
;/sf/L tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu tfnd]n ul/g]5 .
!#= ljleGGf txsf /f]huf/L ;DalGw
ljj/0f Pj+ ;"rgfx? ;+:yfut ?kdf k|jfx x'g] sfo{ Joj:yf ckgfO{ ;do–;fk]If
gLlt lgwf{/0fsf ;fy} sfof{Gjogdf ultlzntf Nofpg /f]huf/L sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k4ltnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L k|efjsf/L ul/g] 5 .
!$= /f]huf/L ;DaGwL cBfjlws
tYof+s ;+sng tyf /f]huf/L sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 .
!%= hldg, h+un, hn>f]t,
hg>d / hg -k|ltgLlw_ cyjf % h sf] kl/rfngnfO{ ;zQm kfb}{ cfjZos ljsf;
lgdf{0fdf cl3 a9fpg] / ufpFnfO{ ;d[l4 lt/ nlug] 5 .
!^= >dsf] pkof]u4f/f g}
/f]huf/L / cfoj[l4 dfkm{t cfly{s ;Dj[l4 a9fO{g]5 t;y{ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{qmddf
>d k|wfg k|ljlw ckgfpg], >dbfgnfO{ Pp6f k'lgt sfo{sf] ?kdf k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5
.
!&= hg–k|ltgLlwx?nfO{ dfgj
>f]tsf] Ps c+u ePsf] x'gfn] hg k|ltlgwLx?nfO{ s'zn, Joj:yfkgsf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg] gLlt lnO{g]5 .
!*= ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdf ;fgf]
kl/jf/sf] wf/0ff ljsf; u/fpg], kl/jf/ lgof]hgfsf ;Gb]zx? k'¥ofpg] / cfjZos
;fwgx? ;/n, ;'ne 9+uaf6 pknAw u/fpg] / kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DalGw r]tgf km}nfpg]
kIfdf hgk|ltlgwLx?nfO{ kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .
pk/f]Qm cjwf/0ff,
b[li6Lsf]0f tyf gLltsf] cfwf/df o; lhNnfsf] ;jf{lË0f ljsf;sf nflu sfo{df ;Da4
lgsfox? -;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L / :yfgLo lgsfo_ n] cfjlws of]hgf agfO{ kl/0ffd
d"lv of]hgf a4 k|s[of ljifout If]qdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 .
kl/R5]b–$
ljifout ljsf;sf sfo{gLlts Joj:yf
$=! s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;
$=!=! jt{dfg cj:yfM
lhNnfsf] tYof+s x]bf{ *)Ü
eGbf lg a9L ?kGb]xLjf;L s[lifdf hLjg lgjf{x ub{5g h; dwo] ^)Ü ;fgf s[ifssf
>]0fLdf kb{5g eg] #Ü e"ldlxg s[ifs b]lvG5 . oxfFsf] afnL ;3g k|ltzt
sl/j @)) 5 eg] afnl pTkfbsTj ;fdfGo} 5
o; lhNnfsf] w]/{ h;f] lelq efux?df u|fld0f ;8ssf] lj:tf/ eO{;s]sf] 5 .
a'6jn, e}/xjf oxfFsf] k|d'v ahf/ :ynx? 5g\ / lhNnfsf] ljleGg efux?df ;fKtflxs
xf6ahf/x? nfUg] ub{5 / lt ahf/df qmo ljqmo x'g] j:t'x?df s[lif hGo a:t'?sf]
afx'Notf x'G5 . o; lhNnf leq klg ljleGg s[lif k}bfj/df cfwfl/t vfB pBf]ux?sf]
:yfkgf eO{;s]sf] 5 . oxfFaf6 g]fnsf cGo lhNnfx? kfNkf, u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL,
:ofËhf, sf:sL cflb / l;dfjtL{ d'n's ef/tdf s[lif hGo pkhx? lgof{t ug]{ ;+efjgf
a9L 5 .
o; lhNNffdf nufOg] vfBfGg
afnL oL dWo] wfg, ux'Fsf] ds}sf] v]tL w]/} dfqfdf ul/G5 / bnxg tyf n]txg afnLx?
Df';'/f], c/x/, tf]/L, ltn, cfn;sf] v]tL a9L dfqfdf ul/G5 . cfFk, s]/f, s6x/,
e"Os6/, lnrL ofFsf d"Vo kmnkm'n afnLx? x'g\ . o; lhNnfsf] wswO{, 5f]
/fdgu/, l5kfu9, demufFjf If]qdf cfFk v]tL / df]tLk'/, xf6L agfufO{, z+s/gu/,
k6vf}nL cflb If]qx?df s]/f v]tL a9L dfqfdf ul/G5 / lt 7fpFx?df kmnkm'nsf
Joj:fflos au}rfx? klg :yfkgf eO{;s]sf 5g\ . v'bfafu/, wdf}nL, sDxl/of, dfgks8L,
l6s'nLu9, l;gkf !) -bf]ux/L_, agkf !% -a]njf;_, k6vf}nL cflb If]qx?df t/sf/L
v]tL a9L dfqfdf ul/G5 . s[ifsx?n] df};ddf dfq geO{ a]df};ddf klg t/sf/L v]tL
ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o; lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf] t/sf/L lhNnfsf] cfGt/Ls ahf/x?df
vktsf] cltl/Qm kfNkf, slknj:t', gjnk/f;L cflb 7fpFdf / ef/tdf klg lgof{t x'g]
u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o; lhNnfdf /x]sf k|fs[lts tfn, 3f]n hUuf / kfgLsf] ;|f]tsf]
pknAwtf df5fkfngsf] nflu cg's'n jftfj/0f ag]sf 5g\ . t;y{ o; lhNnfsf s[ifsx?n]
df5f kfng Joj;fonfO{ klg hf]8 lbOPsf] kfO{G5 . bofgu/, l6s'nLu9 cflb If]qx?df
df5fkfng a9L dfqfdf u/]sf] kfO{G5 . lhNnfsf cGo 7fpFx?df klg hxfF hxfF kfgLsf]
:yfoL ;|f]t 5 ToxfF kf]v/L agfP/ / k|fs[lts tfn, tnfp cflbnfO{ ;+/If0f u/]/
df5fkfng u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o; lhNnfdf df}/L kfngsf] qmdzM lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
z+s/gu/, dqmx/, u+uf]lnof cflb If]qx?df o; Joj;fon] nf]s lk|otf xfFl;n u/]sf]
kfO{G5 . l;gkf, k/f]{xf, dfgks8L cflb If]qsf s[ifsx?n] Rofp v]tL k|ljlw cg';/0f
u/L ;kmntfk"j{s Rofp v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ / cGo If]qsf s[ifsx?n] klg o;sf]
a9L dfu ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
;du|df eGg] xf] eg] o;
lhNnfdf s[lif ljsf; ljsfG;f]d'v cj:yfdf 5 . s[ifsx? pGgt P+j cfw'lgs s[lif
k|ljwL k|lt pT;'s / hfu?s b]lvG5g\ . s[ifsx? qmdzM lgjf{xd'vL s[lif Joj;foaf6
Joj;fos s[lif Joj;fodf nfUb}5g . afnL ;+3gtf / pTkfbsTjdf qmdzMj[l4 x'b}
uO{/x]sf] kfOG5 .
o; lhNnfdf s/Lj !%Ü pGgt
ufO{, @)Ü pGgt e}+;L, @)Ü pGGft uf]?, !!Ü pGgt afv|f, %)Ü k|ltzt pGgt ;'Ë'/ 5g\
. kz'sf] ;+Vof ljZn]if0f ubf{ cg'pTkfbs :yflkt kz' ;+vof a9L b]lvG5 h'g pknAw
cfxf/fsf] >f]tn] wfGg g;lsg] / Go"g kf]if0f ePsf] k/fn / c;Gt'lnt bfgf
a9L ux'Fsf] rf]s/ dfq v'jfO{ kflng] k|yfn] k|lt O{sfO{ kz'sf] u'0ffTds pTkfbg
lng ;s]sf] 5}g / pTkflbt j:t'sf] nfut a9L eO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/df ;:tf]df ljlqm
ug{ c;Ifd x'gfn] kz'kfng Joj;foaf6 vf;} pknAwL lng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g lhNnfdf ***@ x]S6/ hldg dfq r/g If]q ePsf],
jgh+un ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfgt/0f ePsf] h;n] ubf{ kz'kfngsf] nfuL cfjZos 3fF; :ofpnf
h+unaf6 gu0o ?kn] k|fKt x'G5 .
s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;sf]
If]qdf s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]nsf] 5 . pGgt s[lif
k|ljlwnfO{ Joj;flos ?k lbg rflxg] ljleGGf k|sf/sf ;]jfx? tyf shf{ k|jfx u/L
s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] s[lifsf] ljsf;sf ;fy} s[ifsx?nfO{ Jofkf/ / Joj:ffo lt/ klg
cfslif{t u/fPsf] 5 . xfn o; lhNnfdf a}+sn] e}/xjf, a'6jn, bofgu/ u/L tLg zfvf
sfof{nox?, demufFjf, wswO{, k/f]{x u/L tLg pkzfvfx? dfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg u/L /x]sf
5g . oxfFsf ;fy} ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf dfkm{t dw'jgL, uf]gfxf, dwjlnof,
s]/jfgL, ;]dnf/, k/f]{xf, cfgGbjg nufotsf uf=lj=;=x?df klg ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf]
5 . s[lif ;DaGwL tflnd cflb k|bfg u/L s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] o; lhNnfsf] d+unfk'/df
klZrdf~rn If]lqo tflnd s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . s[lif ljsf; a}+s ?kGb]xLn]
xfn ;Dd ?= !,*!,(),))).– nufgL ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;} u/L c;'nLs] nIo ?=
!,%^,$%,))).– /x]sf]df ?= !,$^,^&,))).– c;'nL e};s]sf] 5 .
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf]
e"–agf]6, xfjfkfgL, df}h"bf, k"jf{wf/x? -rflxPsf] hlt dfqfdf geP
klg_ s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu cg's'n tTjx? /x]sf / pTkflbt s[lif pkhx?sf] jfXo
If]qdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf k|z:t /xFbf /xFb} klg pGgt ljp / /;flgs dnsf]
cefj tyf d"No cl:y/tf, cJojl:yt kz' tyf s[lif hGo xf6ahf/, k/Dk/fut z}nLdf
kz'kfng, t'ngfTds nfutsf] b[li6sf]0fn] kz'kfng ljljws/0fdf sld, l;+rfO{, s[lif
;8s tyf u|fld0f ljB'lts/0fdf sdL / sdhf]/ k|ljlw ljsf; / k|;f/sf] sf/0fn] s[lif
tyf kz' ljsf; ck]lIft ?kdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
$=!=@ p2]ZoM
s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;sf] nflu
lgDgfg';f/sf] p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 .
s= s[lif / kz' ljsf;sf] If]qd
gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf k|of]u u/L pTkfbg
pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug]{,
v= s[lif /kz' ljsf;nfO{ qmdzM
Joj;foLs/0f lt/ pGd'v u/fFpb} n}hfg],
u= ;'ne tl/sfn] s[lif ;fdu|L tyf
s[lif C0f pknAw u/fO{ pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug'{sf ;fy} Jojl:yt kz' tyf
s[lif hGo xf6 ahf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
$=!=# /0fgLltM
!= k|fKt >f]t ;fwg / df}h'bf
k"jf{wf/x?sf] clwstd pkofu / ;xL Joj:yfkgaf6 s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbglzntf
a9fO{ pTkfbgdf j[l4df hf]8 lbO{g]5 .
@= pBf]usf] :yfkgf / a9L
d"No j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ >[hgf ul/g]5 .
#= lgjf{xd"vL v]tL k]zfnfo{
Joj;flos/0f ul/g]5 .
$= of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu tTsflng, cNksflng / bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt klxrfg u/L of]hgf th'{df ul/g] 5 /
:ki6 dfu{bz{g lbOg]5 . bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgfsf] ljz]iftf eGg'g} yf]/}, lglZrt
/ ;jn k|fyldstfx? x'g . o; of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|fKtLsf] nflu :ynut ljz]iftfsf]
cfwf/df pTkfbg ul/g] j:t'x?sf] k|fyldstf tf]ls s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; k|of;nfO{
s]Gb|Lt ug]{ /0fgLlt lnOg]5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ ks]6 Kofs]hsf] /0fgLlt cjnDag ul/g]5
. s'g} klg 7fpFsf] df6f], xfjfkfgL, hUufsf] k|sf/, l;+rfO{, oftfoft, ahf/
Joj:yf, pknAw >f]t / ;fwg cflbnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ToxfFsf] ;+efJotf cWoog u/L
ljleGg ljifo ljz]ifsf ks]6 If]qx? :yfkgf u/L ks]6 If]q, dT:ofkfng ks]6 If]q,
df}/Lkfng ks]6 If]q, /]zdsL/f kfng ks]6 If]q, kz'kfng ks]6 If]q cflb .
%= kz'k+IfL pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj
j[l4 ug{ kz'kfng Joj:ffonfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ul/g] 5 .
^= s[ifssf] hf]lvd sd u/L cfo
j[l4 ug{ kz'kfng Joj;fonfO{ ljljlws/0f ul/g] 5 .
&= kz'kfngnfO{ pTkfbg Ifdtf
tyf ;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df ;+efljt ahf/ d'vL cfod'ns k]zfsf] ?kdf lb3{ ljsf;
ul/g]5 .
*= kz'k+IfL tyf kz' k+IfL hGo
kbfy{ lgof{t d'n's pBf]usf] ?kdf clej[l4 ub}{ n}hfg]5 .
(= gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmdaf6
kz'kIfLx?df ;+VofTds eGbf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .
!)= lhNnfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ b'w,
df;', c08f, 5fnf / pgsf] pTkfbg j[l4 u/L –vfBfGg, kmnkm'n t/sf/L_ lhNnfnfO{
cfTdlge{/ agfOg]5 .
!!= s[ifsn] ?lrsf] klxrfg,
:yfgLo lzk / >f]tsf] klxrfg / cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df Jojxfl/s kz' ;]jf
tflndnfO{ a9L s]lGb|t u/L, cfjZos dfgljo ;fwgsf] ljsf; ub}{ nlug]5 .
!@= kz'x?df glhssf] ;Gtfg lar
k|hgg eO{ kz'sf] j+z ljub}| uO{/x]sf]n] :yfgLo kz'x?df pRr :t/Lo j+zfg'ut ;'wf/
ug{ s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd lj:tf/sf] nflu k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ;]jf pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
!#= /fd|f] kz'sf] gZn, pGgt
3fF;sf] ljp ljhg 7Ls ;dodf s[ifssf] dfu cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg, cfjZostf cg';f/
lhNnf kz'sf] >f]t s]Gb| / 3fF;sf] ljp pTkfbg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 ;fy}n
s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljp ljhg lhNnf leq} pTkfbg, cg';Gwfg / ;+/If0f
u/L ;'ne tl/sfaf6 ljqmL Joj:yf ub}{ nlug]5 .
!$= kz' z'ne pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt
s[ifs, lghL Joj:ffoL pBf]ux? aLr cGt/ s[of u/L ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ul/g]5 .
kz'pkhsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg ug{ gu/kflnsfx?;Fu ;dGjo u/L pTkfbsTj s[ifs /
pkef]Qmfdf :jf:Yo pkhsf] cfk"lt{ ;+/If0f tyf jwzfnfsf] :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
!%= kz'ljdfdf xfn b]vf k/]sf]
;d:ofx?sf] k'gM d"NofÍg u/L cfjZos ;'wf/sf] nflu Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
!^= lbuf] kz'kfngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
sfod ug{ jftfj/0f d}qL sfo{qmdx? h:t} pkof]uL 8fn] 3fF; tyf e'O{ 3fF; ljsf;
sfo{qmd, 3fF;df cfwfl/t kz'kfng, v]/ u}/x]sf] cgfhsf] pTkfbgnfO{ kz'cfxf/sf]
?kdf pkof]u ug]{ k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg]5 .
!&= dfl;s Jofhdf 5'6 ;'ljwf
lbO{ c;'nL u/L prr k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
!*= k|jflxt C0f l56f] cfDbfgL
x'g] / 5f]6f] ;do d} C0f c;'nL x'g] p2]Zo k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
!(= pTkfbg C0f / l;+rfO{ s'nf]df
C0f nufgLsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbg] . o;sf] ;fy} a]r ljvg, 3/]n' pBf]u, e"ld
oGqLs/0f, kz'k+IfL kfng / uf]j/ UofF;df c0f nufgL s]lGb|t ul/g]5 .
@)= kz'k+IfLdf nfUg ;Sg]
/f]ux?sf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] lgoGq0f / lgbfg Pj+ cfoltt kz'k+IfLsf] dfWodaf6
lelqg ;Sg] kz'k+lIf ;DalGw /f]u lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
@!= kz'k+lIfsf] bfgfsf] u'0f:t/
x]g]{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;Ifd u/fpg] gLlt / cfGt/Ls cfk"lt{nfO{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
@@= k/fn / ufO{sf] e";sf]
lgof{tdf xtf]T;fx ug]{ gLlt lnO{ kz' cfxf/fsf] nflu pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 .
$=!=$ sfo{gLltM
!= 5gf}6 ul/Psf ks]6nfO{ cfufdL
jif{x?df Joj;flos ks]6df ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg] p2]Zon] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
@= ;fwg P+j Joj;flos sfo{qmd
dfkm{t ;d]l6g g;lsg] ;–;fgf ;d'xx?sf] nflu ul/jL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5
.
#= s[ifs ;d'x?sf] ;xeflutfdf
s[lif sfo{qmdx? th'{df ul/g] 5 . dlxnf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ dlxnf s[ifs ;d'x
u7g ul/g] 5 .
$= s[lif k|;f/ tyf k'z';]j
ljsf;sf] nflu ;xsf/Ltsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L s[ifs ;d'xx?nfO{ lj:tf/} ;xsfl/tfdf
kl/0ft ub}{ nlug]5 .
%= s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu s[lif
C0f, s[lif ;fdfu|L, l;+rfO{, s[lif ;8s, u|fld0f ljBtLs/0f, ahf/ Joj:yf, s[lif
k|ljwL h:tf sfo{qmdx? PsLs[t ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
^= ;Defljt If]qdf %÷@) hgfsf]
s[ifssf] ljleGg s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;d'xsf] u7g u/L s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;]jf
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{sf] ;fy} ;d'xsf] ;+u7gfTds Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f agfpg u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu klg ;dGjo /flvg]5 .
&= hg:jf:Yo ;DalGwt
kz'/f]ux?sf] lgoGq0f u/L hg:jf:Yo ;+/If0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .
*= lk5l8Psf] hghflt tyf
dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu pko'Qm ljz]if kz'kfng sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
(= pTkflbt kz'k+IfL hGo
kbfy{x?sf] plrt ahf/ Joj:yf u{ pkef]Qmf pTkfbgstf{ tyf ;xsf/L dfkm{t sfo{qmd
;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
!)= lhNnf jg sfo{fno;Fu ;dGjo
/fvL ;fd'bflos tyf sa'lnotL jg If]q /x]sf] vfnL hUufdf ;'xfpFbf kf]lifnf]
ax'klIfo e'O{ 3fF; tyf 8fn] 3fF; nufO{ kz' cfxf/sf] Joj:yf u/L ul/j s[ifsx?sf]
cfodf clej[l4sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
!!= ljkGg ju{sf JolQmsf]
pTyfgsf] nflu ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf a}+s sfof{nox?af6 k|efjsf/L 9+un]
n3'shf{ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
!@= k|fyldstf k|fKt p]2]Zox? h:t}
/f;folgs dn, :ofnf] 6o"jj]n, kz'kfng, pRr d"No k|fKt x'g] afnLx? /
s[lif hGo pBf]udf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ nufgL ul/g]5 .
!#= s[lif / kz' ljsf;sf] ks]6,
Kofs]h sfo{qmdnfO{ jz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ z'ne tl/sfn] C0f k|jfx ul/g]5 .
!$= k|To]s uf=lj=;= / s[lif If]q
/x]sf g=kf=sf= j8fx?af6 !÷! hgf s[lif / kz' ljsf; ;DalGw gd'gf ls;fg tof/ ug]{
.
!%= kz'k+IfLsf] bfgfdf k|of]u
x'g] lkgf, /fO;a|fg, rf]s/ bfnsf] e'; cflb ljb]z lgof{tdf k|aGw nufpg] gLlt
lnOg]5 .
$=@ lzIff
ljsf;
$=@=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
o; lhNNffdf xfn ;/sf/L @!& / lghL $& u/L @^$ k|f=lj=, ;/sf/L #! /
lghL !) u/L $! lg=df=lj= tyf ;/sf/L %$ / lghL $@ u/L (^ df=lj= /x]sf 5g\ .
To:t} pRr df=lj= lzIff tkm{ ;/sf/L ^ / lghL !) u/L !^ j6f /x]sf 5g\ . pRrr tkm{
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno tkm{ ;/sf/L # / lghL % u/L hDdf * j7f SofDk; / kf]v/f
ljZjljBfno cGt{ut lghL / @ j6f d]l8sn sn]h / ! j6f s[lif SofDk; /x]sf 5g .
;+VofTds lx;fjn] x]bf{ lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof k|z:t b]lvPtf klg hg;+Vofsf]
lx;fjn] ;fdfg ljt/0f ePsf] b]lvb}g . xfn o; lhNnfsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt $^Ü /x]sf]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf ljBfno / hg;+Vof cg'kft !=@!^^ /x]sf] 5 .
u'0ffTds b[li6n] x]bf{ eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfnfO{ k|of{Kt dfGg ;lsb}g .
?kGb]xL h:tf] ;'ud t/fO{ lhNnfdf
lzIffsf] k|ofKt ljsf; gx'g'df z}lIfs r]tgfsf] sdL, ul/jL, cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] lzIff
k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf cleefjssf] pbflo;gf / 5f]/f 5f]/Ldf n}lus lje]b h:tf k|d'v
r'gf}ltx?sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5g\ .
$=@=@ p2]ZoM
lhNnfsf] z}lfIs ljsf;] nflu b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] p2]Zox? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s= ;fIf/tf
k|ltzt j[l4 ug]{ .
v= ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'ljwf j[l4
ub}{ u'0ffTds lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] .
u= Joj;flos / :j/f]huf/
d"ns lzIffdf k|fyldstf lbO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu bIf, pkof]uL hgzlQm
pTkfbg ug]{ .
3= lzIffdf ;a} ju{, hftL /
If]qsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] .
$=@=# /0fgLltM
o; lhNnfsf] cfufdL % jif{sf] z]lIfs
lj:tf/ P+j ljsf;sf nflu lgDg adf]lhd /0fgLlt ckgfOg] 5 .
s= ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?af6 ;+rfng x'g] cgf}krfl/s ;fIf/tf lzIffnfO{ ;s] ;Dd 8'KnLs]zg x'g glbO{
PsLs[lt u/]/ ;+rfng u/L ;fIf/tf k|ltzt a9fpb} n}hfg] gLlt lnO{g]5 .
v= dlxnf lzIffnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{
k|To]s ljBfnodf sDtLdf klg Pshgf dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] Joj:yf qmdzM ub}{ hfg] lnOg]5
.
u= 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdnfO{ cem z;St
?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 .
3= ckfË tyf ljkGg lk5l8Psf
ju{x?sf] pTyfgsf] nflu ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
ª= af}l4s /fli6«o ljsf; hGo
ljleGGf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx? lgoldt ?kdf sfo{qmd agfO{ ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5
.
r= k"j{ k|fylds lzIffsf]
ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
5= ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ ;xeflutfd"ns sfo{qmd nfu' ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
h= u'0ffTds lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nfu
lzIfs tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
em= Joj;flos tyf :j/f]huf/
d"ns lzIff lbg] ;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] gLlt
lnOg]5 .
`= df=lj= :t/sf ljBfyLx?sf nflu
of}g lzIff lbgsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ gLltdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .
$=@=$ sfo{gLltM
!= lhNnfdf JofKt lg/If/tfnfO{
pGd"ng ug{sf nflu lgldQ cfufdL% jif{df cgf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;+rfng u/L ;fIf/tf j[l4 ub}{ nlu xfnsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltztdf sIffnfO{ ;s] ;Dd
8'KnLs]zg x'g glbO{ PsLx[lt u/]/ ;+rfng ul/g]5 . pQm nIo xfl;n ug{ k|To]s jif{
k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sIff !%) sf]6fsf b/n] % jif{df &%) k|}f9 ;fIf/tf sIff, k|lt
jif{ %) afn sIffsf b/n] @%) afn lzIff sIff / k|lt jif{ %) ;fIf/f]Q/ sIffsf b/n]
@%) ;fIf/f]Q/ lzIff sIff ;+rflng ul/g]5 . o; sfo{qmdaf6 @@%)) lg/If/ k|f}9x?n]
;fIf/ x'g] cj;/ kfpg] 5g eg] ljBfno lzIffaf6 j+lrt /x]sf &%)) afn aflnsfn]
;fIf/ x'g] df}sf kfpg] 5g . o;} sfo{qmdaf6 &%)) gj ;fIf/x?nfO{ ;fIf/f]Q/
lzIff lbOg]5 h'g zLk d'ns lzIffdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 .
@= cfufdL % jif{df lhNnfsf ^(
uf=lj=;= tyf @ g=kf= df k"j{ k|fylds lzIf lbg] vfnsf ljBfno uf=lj=;= :t/df
sDtLdf !÷! tyf g=kf= :t/df %÷% j7f :yfkgf u/L lghL If]qaf6 ;+rfng ug{ :yfgLo
lgsfodf kxn ug]{ .
#= cfufdL % jif{df o; lhNnfsf]
ljBfno lzIffnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpb} n}hfg] qmddf k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf
dfWoldssf] txsf] xfn /x]sf] lzIfs b/aGbLnfO{ ldnfg ug]{ sfo{ l5§} z'? ug]{ tyf
gk'u b/aGbL k"lt{ ug]{ ;Gbe{df cfjZos yk b/aGbL s]Gb|;Fu dfu u/L k|fKt eP
adf]lhd k"lt{ ub}{ nlug]5 .
$= xfn ljBfno lzIffdf b]vf
k/]sf] 5fqfx?sf] Go"g pkl:yltnfO{ qmdzM sd ub}{ n}hfg] tyf lzlIft
a]/f]huf/ dlxnfx?nfO{ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fO{ dlxnf lzIffnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
o;sf lgldQ lhNnf leqsf ;a} ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?df % jif{ leq sd ;] sd Ps dlxnf
lzlIfssf] Joj:yf qmdzM ub}{ nlug]5 .
%= ;dfhdf lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt
tyuf ljkGg ju{sf afn aflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfno hfg k|]l/t ug]{ tyf h]x]Gbf/
afnaflnsfnfO{ k9fO{df a9L ;] a9L k|f]T;flxt ub}{ nlu ljBfyL{ egf{ b/ a9fpg tyf
u'0ffTds lzIffdf ;d]t j[l4 ug{ ljleGg lsl;dsf k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
^= ljBfnosf] ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu ;j{klIfo -:yfgLo lgsfo, ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghL
;+:yf ;d'x ;lDdlnt ;xeflutfTds sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 .
&= ljz]if nlIft ;d'xsf] nflu
ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmd agfO{ ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
*= u'0ffTds lzIffdf ljz]if hf]8
lbOg] p2]Zo cg'?k cWofkgk sfo{df ;+nUg lzIfs lzlIfsfx?nfO{ cfjZos ;Lk o'Qm
tflnd k|bfg u/L bIf P+j ;Ifd t'Nofpg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
(= ;a}nfO{ lzIffsf] kx'Fr
k'¥ofpg ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
$=# :jf:Yo
$=#=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
o; lhNnfdf :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpg c+rn :t/Lo c:ktfn !, lhNnf :t/Lo c:ktfn !,
lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no !, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| #, ;+:yfut lSnlgs @, x]=kf]= *,
;a x]=kf]= %*, vf]k s]Gb| @)% / fupF 3/ lSnlgs @$$ /x]sf 5g . o;}u/L u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx? klg o; If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g . o"=Pg=l8=lk= sf] !((* sf] k|ltj]bg
cg';f/ lzz' d[To'b/ ^* -!))) df_ /x]sf] 5 eg] :j:Yo l:yltsf] cfwf/df lhNnfsf]
:yfg ^* cf}+ /x]sf] 5 .
:yfgLo hgtfsf] hgr]tgf sdL tyf wfld{s sf/0faf6 ;'/lIft dft[Tj / kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf] ;]jf pkof]udf sdL b]lPsf]n] cfjZos dfqfdf hg;+Vof lgoGq0f x'g ;s]sf]
5}g eg] DOTs sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ;+rfng, sf]N8r]g s]Gb|sf] cefjdf vf]k
sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L ef/t;Fusf] v'Nnf l;dfgfsf] sf/0fn]
ubf{ P8\; tyf of}g /f]u ;d:of a9\bf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
$=#=@ p2]ZoM
lhNnf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;'wf/ u/L ;j{ ;'ne /
;'b[l9sf/0faf6 gh;+Vof j[l4 b/df sdL Nofpg'sf ;fy} cf};t cfo'df j[l4 ug]{, afn
tyf dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg] .
$=#=# /0fgLltM
!= :jf:Yo hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ljsf;
ul/g]5 .
@= ;+u7fgfTds ljsf;sf nflu
Joj:yflso kIfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 .
#= ljleGGf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo /fvL sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
$= wfld{s cGwljZjf; x6fpg ;d'bfo
:jf:Yo lzIff sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
%= :jf:Yo k|ltsf] hgr]tgf
d"ns sfo{qmd nfu' ul/g]5 .
^= lghL :t/sf lSnlgs tyf :jf:Yo
gl;Ë xf]d vf]Ng k|f]T;flxt ul/g] gLlt lnO{g]5 .
&= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8\; lgoGq0f
sfo{qmd a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg jx'klIfo ;+nUgtfnfO{ k]|fT;fxg ug]{ gLlt cjnDag
ub}{ Pr=cfO{=le=÷P8\; lkl8tnfO{ k/fdz{ k/fdz{ ;]jf s]gb| tyf k'g{ :yfkgf u[xsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
$=#=$ sfo{gLltM
!= :jf:Yo ;DalGw pkr/fTds ;]jf
lhNnfdf cjl:yt c:ktfn, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}ls, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL,
ufFp3/ lSnlgsaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .
@= ljleGGf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo
;]jfx? k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu :yfgLo ;xeflutfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbO{g]5 .
#= cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf
sfo{qmddf >f]t JolQmsf] kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
$= u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{
k|fljlws hgzlQmnfO{ tflnd pGd'v u/fOg] 5 .
%= Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f ug{ lhNnf el/
DOTs k|efjsf/L tyf hgr]tgf d"ns cleofg dfkm{t cufl8 a9fpg]5 .
^= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8\; tyf of}g/f]u
lgoGq0f ug{ lhlj;, uflj;, ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ljsf; sfof{nosf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf
lhNnfe/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
$=$ jg tyf
jftf/0f
$=$=! jt{dfg
l:yltM
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] s"n If]qkmn -!,#^,&&) x]S6/_ sf] ul/j @$Ü
-#@))^ x]S6/_ e"–efu jg If]qn] cfu6]sf] 5 . h'g /fli6«o :t/df jg If]qn]
cf]u6]sf] e"–efu -@(Ü_ eGbf s]xL sd /x]sf] tYo :ki6 x'g hfG5 . jg If]q
dWo] klg w]/} h;f] efu lhNnfsf] pQ/L e]usf uf=lj=;=df cjl:yt 5 .
k|of]usf] b[li6«sf]0fn] lhNnfsf] agnfO{ tL lsl;ddf jlu{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
!= pTkfbg
jg &)!$ x]S6/ @!=(Ü
@= ;fd'bflos
jg÷sa'lnot jg ^$%( x]S6/ @)=@Ü
#= ;+/lIft
jg !*%## x]S6/ %&=(Ü
To:t} u/]/ Joj:yfkgsf] b[li6sf]0fn]
x]bf{ o;nfO{ kfFr k|sf/df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+Vof If]qkmn
;/sf/L
jg @^)$@=%@
x]S6/
;fd'bflos
jg @# %*@@=&#
x]S6/
sa'lnotL
jg ! !#!
x]S6/
lghL
jg -!))–!–&_
wfld{s
jg ! (=&%
x]S6/
jg ;DalGw ;/sf/L gLlt P]g, lgod /
sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ofKt dqfdf k|rf/ k|f/ x'g g;Sg', ;fd'bflos jgx?df ;fd'bflos
cjwf/0ff cg';f/ of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog tyf ;d'x kl/rfng x'g g;sL l;ldt
JolQmx?n] dfq g]t[Tj lng]/ ;+rfng ug]{ k|of; x'g', jg If]q cltqmd0f u/L a;]sf
JolQmx?nfO{ Jojl:yt a;f]af; jf s8fO{sf ;fy x6fpg] sfo{ :ki6 ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g
g;Sg' jg ;+/If0fdf b]lvPsf r'gf}lt x'g . To;}u/L jg ljgf; / lhNnfdf w]/}
;+Vofdf /x]sf 7"nf 7"nf gbL / vf]nfx?sf] lsgf/df e"–;+/If0fsf]
;d'lrt Joj:yf gePsf]n] k|To]s jif{ af9L cfO{ ;of}+ ljufxf v]tL of]Uo hldg tyf
s}og j:tLx? gbL s§fgdf k/L Jofks ?kdf hg wgsf] Iflt x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
$=$=@ p2]ZoM
jg tyf jftfj/0fsf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0fsf] nflu b]xfosf p2]Zo lnOPsf] 5 .
!= ;/sf/L k|of; tyf
hg;xeflutfsf] kl/rfngaf6 jg If]qsf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f /
;b'kof]u ub}} jg k}bfjf/sf] efu / cfk"lt{ ljr ;Gt'ng sfod /fvL pko'Qm
e"–pkof]u ug]{ .
@= lhNnf leqsf hnfwf/ If]qx?sf]
klxrfg u/L tL If]qx?sf] pko'Qm ;+/If0f tyf ;Da{wg u/L af9L, klx/f], e"–Ifo
h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] rfk sd ug'{sf ;fy} k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg ;3fp
k'¥ofpg] .
$=$=# /0fgLltM
!= jg k}bfjf/sf] rf]/L
lgsf;LnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf] lglDt hf]8 lbOg]5 .
@= jg hGo pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{df
;/ntf JofOg]5 .
#= /fli6«o jgaf6 9nfk8f,
;8]un]sf / ;'s]sf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ ;/n tl/sfaf6 plrt d"Nodf pkef]Qmfx?nfO{
pknAw u/fpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
$= jgsf] dxTj ;DaGwdf :yfgLo
jfl;Gbfx?df Jofks ?kdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 / o; sfo{sf]
lglDt u}+;=;= x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d]t a9fjf lbOg]5 .
%= o; lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{
hnfwf/ If]qx?sf] cj:yf klxrfg u/L k|fyldstf qmd lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
^= ;fd'bflos vfnL hUufx? -klt{,
rp/, cltqmd0f x'g ;Sg] e"ldx?_ df ;fd'bflos j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g]5 .
$=$=$ sfo{gLltM
!= jg k}bfjf/sf] ;j{ ;'ne ?kdf
cfk"lt{ ug{ jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldlt / l6=l;=Pg= dfkm{t Joj:yf ul/g]5
.
@= s[ifsx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] cfˆg}
hUufdf e"FO{ 3fF; tyf 8fn] 3fF; nufpg pTk]|/0ff hufO{ ;f]sf] lglDt cfjZos
aLp, lj?jf ;a{ ;'ne ?kaf6 pknAw u/fpg] tkm{ plrt sbd rflng]5 .
#= ;+efJotf cWoog u/L xfn
ljBfdfg jgx?sf] plrt ;+/If0f ;Djb{g ug{sf] lglDt ;fd'bflos jg x:tfGt/0f
k|s[[ofnfO{ cem} ;/n / ;'ne agfpg] tkm{ sbd rflng] 5 .
$= lghL jgsf] hUuf wgLnfO{
lghLjg nufpg k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
%= hnfwf/ If]qx?sf] cj:yf /
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ PsLs[t wf/0ff cg'?k s]lGb|o / lhNnf
:y/Lo sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{ nlug]5 .
^= lhNnfsf] k|d'v ;d:of gbL
lgoGq0f g} /x]sf] x'gfn] o; ;DalGw ljz]if Kofs]h sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z u/L ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
&= ;+/If0f sfo{x?nfO{ lbuf]
/ Jojl:yt ?kdf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo sfod u/L sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ul/g]5 .
*= lhNnfsf] k|d'v gbLx?af6
jif]{gL x'Fb} uPsf] gbL s6fg tyf gbL 8'jfgsf] lj:t[t cWoog u/L gbL lgoGq0f tyf
vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If0f h:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf] ;fy ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
$=% pBf]u tyf
ko{6g
$=%=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
o; lhNnfsf] clwsf+z hg;+Vof s[lifdf
cfl>t /x]tf klg dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ / l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ h:tf b]zsf dxTjk"0f{
/fhdfu{, pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;8s, ljBft, kfgL cflb h:tf
k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ePsf] / ef/tsf] gfsf;Fu ;d]t hf]l8Psf] tyf sRrf kbfy{
cfoftdf ;'udtf ePsf] x'Fbf pBf]u wGbfsf] :yfkgfdf lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] 5 . ;+VofTds
lx;fjn] pBf]u, jghGo pBf]u, sk8f, Knfli6s, O§f 6fon, xf]lhof/L, 5fkfvfgf, wft'
;DalGw pBf]u cflb h:tf $)%) ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux? btf{ /x]sf 5g\ . t/ 3/]n'
tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf] tYof+s cg';f/ nueu cfwf h;f] pBf]u aGb cj:yfdf /x]sf
5g\ . To:t} o; lhNnfdf a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgf lnld6]8, dx]Gb| ;'u/ ldn, k~rsGof
Knfil6s P08 cfO{/g OG8li6«h nIdL jg:klt £o" pBf]u, n'lDagL ˆnfj;{ ldn, Pe/]i6
/f]lnË ldn cflb h:tf demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]u klg /x]sf 5g\ . zflGtsf cu|b't
eujfg uf}td a'4sf] hGd :yn n'lDagL o;} lhNnfdf kg]{ x'Fbf of] lhNnf P]ltxfl;s,
wfld{s, ;f:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs tyf ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t cToGt dxTjk"0f{
dflgG5 . n'lDagLdf /x]sf czf]s :tDe, uf}td a'4nfO{ g'xfPsf] kf]v/L, dfofb]jL
dlGb/ cflbsf] sf/0fn] n'lDagLsf] ko{6sLo dxTj al9/x]sf] 5 . To:t} uf}td a'4sf]
dfjnL tyf sf]lno /fHo b]jbx, dl0fd's'Gb ;]gsf] P]ltxfl;s b/af/ -/+udxn_ /x]sf]
lhtu9L lsNnf, ;}gfd}gf, k|s6]Zj/ dxfb]j, k/f]{xf k/d]Zj/, dr{jf/L dfO{, l;4afaf
dlGb/ cflb h:tf d7 dlGb/x? / l5d]sL lhNnf slknj:t'df /x]sf] zfSo /fhwfgL
ltnf}/fsf]6 tyf cfjt hfjtsf] nflu xjfO{ oftfoft tyf ;8s oftfoftsf] sf/0f o;
lhNnfsf] ko{6lso dxTj al9/x]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm sf/0fn] ubf{ o; lhNnfdf ko{6g tyf
pBf]u wGbfsf] lj:tf/sf] kof{Kt ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
$=%=@ p2]ZoM
!= lhNnfdf
cf}Bf}lus If]qsf] klxrfg / ljsf; ug]{ .
@= lhNnf leq pTkfbg x'g] s[lif
kz' jg k}bfjf/ / aflx/af6 ;/n ?kdf k|fKt x'g] sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t ljleGg
pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf ug{ / cfo cfh{g ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#= /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? >[hgf
ug]{ .
$= lhNnf leq /x]sf
dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, Pj+ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f /
;Djb{g u/L ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf; ug]{ .
$=%=# /0fgLltM
!= lhNnfdf cf}Bf]lus hgzlQm
tof/ u/L cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df d2t k'¥ofpg] gLlt lnOg] 5 .
@= tflndsf dfWodaf6 :j/f]huf/sf]
cj:yf >[hgf ul/g]5 .
#= ;'ne C0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
$= :yfgLo pBf]ux?nfO{ P]g lgod
cg';f/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf k/fdz{ lbO{ pBf]u k|jwgdf d2t k'¥ofpg]
gLlt lnOg]5 .
%= lhNnfdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;nfO{
ult lbg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
^= lhNnfdf :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{df
cfwfl/t pBf]u wGbf vf]Ng ;lsg] :yfgsf] klxrfg u/L pBf]u :yfkgfdf k|f]T;fxg
lbOg]5 .
&= ko{6g ljsf; / kj{bgdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
$=%=$ sfo{gLltM
!= lhNnfdf k|fKt x'g] sRrf
kbfy{af6 ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] ;DefJo pBf]u h:tf ;Defjgsf cfwf/df ;DefJo b]lvPsf
pBf]u Jojzfo ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf cNksflng tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
@= tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{
;fdflhs ?kn] lk5l8Psf ;d"xx?, b'u{d tyf lk5l8Psf o'jf o'jltx?, dlxnf
j]/f]huf/ jf cw{j]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
#= tflnd lnO{ Joj:ffo ;~rfng ug{
rfx]sf] t/ /sdsf] cefj ePsf] JolQmx?nfO{ Go"gtd ?kdf ePklg ljgf lwtf] shf{
k|bfg u/L Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofOg] 5 .
$= lhNnfsf] cf}Bf]lus ljj/0f
cWofjlw ul/ /flvg]5 .
%= pBf]uaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg]{
k|b'if0fnfO{ Go"g ug{ jftfj/0f ;DalGwt k|rlnt P]g lgoddf Joj:yf eP cg';f/
k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu" ug]{ k|of; ul/g]5 .
^= 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u
sfof{nosf] ;xof]udf cf}Bf]lus ;"rgf s]Gb| (Industrial Information Desk)
sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
&= a]nlxof gfsfdf ko{6g
dGqfno cGt{ut /xg] u/L sDtLdf !÷@ j6f 6«fen Ph]G;Lx?sf] :yfkgf u/L n'lDagL
cufot o; lhNnf cGtu{tsf ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] e|d0ffy{ cfpg] ko{6sx?sf nflu
cf/fdbflo oftfoft ;'ljwf, ;xL / e/kbf]{ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] tyf k|lzlIft
ufO{8af6 ufO{8 ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
(= lhNnfsf ko{6lso :ynx?sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L
lbg ;Sg] dfglrq ;lxtsf] kDkn]6, kmf]N8/ tyf k'l:tsf tof/ u/L k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ / ko{6sx?nfO{ ;lhn} pknAw x'g ;Sg]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
!)= o; If]qsf] ko{6g k|j{wgdf cGo
d'n'sdf ko{6s h:t} ef/lto ko{6sx?sf] klg plQs} dxTj /x]sf] x'Fbf ef/lto
ko{6sx?nfOO{ ;d]t cfsif{0f ug]{ lsl;dsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!!= ko{6g k|jw{gdf xjfO{
oftfoftsf] dxGjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'Fbf df}h'bf ljdfg:ynnfO{
;"wf/ tyf lj:tf/ ug[ kxn ul/g]5 .
!@= :yfgLo uf=lj=;= g=kf=, ;/sf/L
tyf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;d]t ko{6g k|jw{gsf] nflu cfjZos cfltTok"0f{
Jojxf/, ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt, ;/;kmfO{ nufot ko{6snfO{ dgkg]{ / gkg]{
s'/fx?af/] ;r]t e} ;f] adf]lhd ug{ ljz]if Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
$=^= ;"rgf
tyf ;+rf/
$=^=! jt{dfg cj:yfM
ljsf;sf]nflu Ps ckl/xfo{ k"jf{wf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/
If]qn] lhNnfsf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;df ljlzi6 dxTj /fvb5 . o; If]qdf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu
o; lhNnfdf b'/ ;+rf/sf]] If]lqo sfof{no e}/xjf, b'/ ;+rf/ sfof{no a'6jn,
d+unfk'/ tyf n'lDagL u/L $ :yfgaf6 b'/ ;+rf/sf ljleGg ;]jfx? 6]lnkmf]g,
6]lnˆofS;, cfsf;jf0fL cfbL h:tf ;]jfx? pknAw 5g\ . xfn ;Dd o; lhNnfsf @ j6f
gu/kflnsf tyf $! j6f uf=lj=;=x?df 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf pknAw e};s]sf] 5 . xfn ;Dd
hDdf ;]jf k|fKt u|fxs ;+Vof !),%)) /x]sf 5g\ eg] le=Pr=Pkm=÷df6{; k|0ffnL
cGt{ut &) nfO{g 6]lnkmf]g pknAw u/fOPsf]5 . 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{
e}/x]sf]5 .
o;}u/L o; lhNnfdf lhNNff x'nfs !, O{nfsf x'nfs !@ / %@ cltl/Qm x'nfsx? ^!
uf=lj=;= / @ g=kf= df /x]sf 5g\ eg] xfn ;Dd * j6f uf=lj=;=df cltl/Qm x'nfssf]
:yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
$=^=@ p2]ZoM
lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsfdf b'/ ;+rf/ tyf x'nfs ;]jf
lj:tf/ u/L lhNnfsf] ;+rf/ If]qdf ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo lnOg]5 .
$=^=@ gLlt tyf sfo{gLltM
!= b'/ ;+rf/ tyf x'nfssf] ;]jf
k'¥ofpg g;lsPsf uf=lj=;=x?df qmdz ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
@= lhNnfdf ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf
u'0f:t/Lo ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/sf] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
#= :yfgLo txsf kq klqsf tyf
;+rf/sf] If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
$= lhNnfsf] ;"rgfnfO{
cWofjlws u/L ;f] sf] ljqmLaf6 cfo ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
$=& dlxnf
;zlQms/0f
$=&=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
o; lhNnfdf dlxnf ;zlQms/0f cleofgdf ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf
cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yf sfo{/t 5g\ . dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf] cfwf/df of] lhNnf /fli6«o
;"rsdf #* cf}+ -o"=Pg=l8=kL= sf] !((* sf] k|ltj]bg_ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .
dlxnf ;f/If/tf k|ltzt #!=)# /x]sf] 5 eg] u}/ s[lif k]zfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf
!%=%$ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; lhNnfdf :yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnf hgk|ltgLlwsf]
;+Vof &@( /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|fylds lzIfssf] ?kdf !&=##Ü dlxnf 5g\ eg]
#%=)@Ü aflnsf k|fylds lzIffnodf egf{ ePsf 5g\ .
xfn ;Dd o; lhNnfdf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fdf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfn] 7"nf] nufgL
u/]tf klg ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfn] 7"nf] nufgL u/]tf klg pNn]vgLo ?kdf k|ltkmn
k|fKt gx'g'df dlxnf afn ljjfx b/ a9L x'g', n}lus lje]bsf] sf/0fn] lzIff If]qdf
pgLx/s]f sd ;xeflutf x'g' cg'Tkfbs sfo{df a9L ;do nufpg' tyf lg0f{o k|s[ofdf
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf cToGt} Go"g x'g' /x]sf] 5 .
$=&=@ p2]ZoM
lhNnf e/Lsf ;dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf dlxnfx? / pgLx?s]f kl/jf/sf] cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ NofO{ hLjg:t/ p7\ofO{ dlxnf ;zlQms/0f cleofgdf hf]8lbg] .
$=&=# /0fgLltM
!= ;d'bfodf u|fdL0f dlxnfx?sf]
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
@= dlxnf ;d"xdf cfTd
ljZjf;sf] efjgf hufpg pTkfbg d"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
#= dlxnfx?nfO{ eljiodf cfˆgf]
;d"xnfO{ alnof] agfpg, lbuf]kg cyf{t ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu Ifdtf clej[l4
ul/g]5 .
$= dlxnfx?nfO{ shf{ tyf cgo
sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 .
%= dlxnfx?sf] ?lr, ;Lk /
cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/fOg]5 .
^= o; lhNNffdf ;+rflnt ;fdflhs
kl/rfng, ul/jL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd tyf ;DalGwt cGo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf4f/f ;+rfng
ePsf ;xeflutf d"ns sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] lj:tf/ u/L dlxnfx?sf]
;xeflutf a9fOg]5 .
$=&=$ sfo{gLltM
!= lgDg cfo ePsf kl/jf/sf dlxnf
tyf afn aflnsfsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu cfod"ns sfo{qmd, tflnd / cGo k|fljlws
;xof]u pknAw u/fOg]5 .
@= dlxnfx?nfO{ shf{ k|jfx
;DalGwt a}+sx?af6 pknAw u/fOg]5 .
#= a}+ssf] c;'ljwf ePsf] :yfgdf
;d"x art, ;fd'bflos art u/L art kl/rfng u/fpg hf]8 lbOg]5 .
$= dlxnfx?sf] z}lIfs :t/df j[l4
ug{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no tyf cGo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf k|f}9
;fIf/tf afn lzIff sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
%= shf{ k|fKt dlxnfx?nfO{
l;kd'ns tflnd, ;fd'bflos sfo{qmd cGt{ut jftfj/0fLo lqmofsnfkdf 8fFn]3fF;, jg
ljsf;, ;/ ;kmfO{, afFof] UofF;, l;+rfO{, ;'ne zf}rfno cflb sfo{qmdx? ;d"x
/ ;d'bfo :t/df lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
^= ;fd'bflos :t/df u|fld0f
dlxnfx?sf] >d / ;donfO{ Wofgdf /fvL :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg kQf nufO{ ;DefJotf
cwoog tyf cfjZostf klxrfg u/L sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
&= :yfgLo :t/df ;+rfng x'g]
ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 k|s[of b]lv cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ;Dd dlxnfsf]
clgjfo{ ;xeflutf u/fOg]5 .
$=* dfgj
;+;fwg ljsf;
$=*=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
lhNnfsf] ;DklQ eg]sf] To; lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts ;+;fwg / lhNnfsf gful/sdf
cGt/lglxt 1fg, l;k / bIftf g} xf] . dfgj >f]qaf6 g} cGo ;+;fwgx? ultlzn x'g]
jf tL ;fwgx?sf] s'zn k|of]u ;+ej x'g] x'Fbf dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ;d'lrt kl/rfng u/L
t'ngfTds ?kdf pRr nfe lng ;lsg] ePsf] x'Fbf dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf;df ljz]if
k|fyldstf lbOG5 . dfgj ljsf;sf ;du| :t/ gfKbf 1fg, cf};t cfo', lhjg:t/nfO{
cfwf/ dflgg] x'Fbf o;nfO{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;fIf/tf k|ltzt, b}lgs Sofnf]/L
k|flKtsf] cf};t :t/, cf};t cfo', cfjf; l:ylt, ;'/Iff ;xeflutf / jftfj/0f kIfdf
Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'G5 .
of] lhNnf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf] cfwf/df #* cf}+ :yfgdf kb{5 . o;}u/L lhNnfsf]
cf};t ;fIf/tf b/ $^Ü /x]sf] 5 . dfgj ;+;f]wgsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg lh=lj=;=
;efkltsf] ;+of]hsTjdf dfgj ;+;fwg sfof{Gjog ;ldlt u7g e};s]5 eg] lh=lj=;= sf]
sfof{nodf lhNNff leq cfjZostf cg';f/ tflnd ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu dfgj ;+zfwg zfvf
:yfkgf ePsf]5 .
$=*=@ p2]ZoM
dfgj ljsf;sf] :t/ 1fg, l;k, cf};t cfo' / hLjg:t/nfO{ cfwf/ dflgg] x'Fbf
dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf; ug{ hgtfsf] cf};t cfo', ;fIf/tf k|ltzt, ;'/Iff tyf
lhjg:t/df j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo /xg]5 .
$=*=# /0fgLltM
!= lh=lj=;= n] tof/ kf/]sf]
dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; dfu{bz{g tyf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf cg'?k dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 .
@= dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf; ug{
If]qut P+j nlIft sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng / ;'b[l9s/0f ul/g]5 .
#= lzIff sfo{qmdnfO{ Jofkfs
lj:tf/ u/L cf};t ;fIf/tf P+j dlxnf ;fIf/tfsf] cg'kft j[l4 ug]{ tkm{ hf]8 lbOg]5
.
$= :jf:Yo If]qsf sfo{qmdnfO{
lj:tf/ u/L u|fld0f :t/ ;Dd k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cfwf/e't :jf:Yo P+j kl/jf/ sNof0f
sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .
%= lhNnf leqsf >f]t
JolQmx?sf] gdfjnL cWofjlws ub}{ lhNnf lew ;+rfng x'g] tflnd, uf]li7sf] PsLs[t
?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ljleGGf ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf :yfgLo lgsfox? lar
;dGjo ul/g]5 .
^= ul/jL lgjf/0f u/L lhjg:t/
psf:g] p2]Zon] ul/jLs]f /]vfd'lg elg klxrfg ul/Psf ;d'xx?df cleofgs} ?kdf
l;kd"ns tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
&= :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ cfˆgf]
ljsf; tyf k|sfzg ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] u/L Ifdtfjfg agfpg lg/Gt/ ?kdf tflnd cg'udg
tyf uf]i7L sfo{qmd lh=lj=;=df /x]sf] dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; zfvf dfkm{t ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
$=*=$ sfo{gLltM
!= Joj;flos lzIffdf hf]8 lbb}
gLlh :t/nfO{ a9L eGbf a9L ;xefuL u/fpg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
@= cfwf/e"t tyf dWod :t/Lo
hgzlQmsf] cfk"lt{ a9fpg cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ug]{ sfo{df Jofkstf NofOg]5 .
#= :jf:Yo :t/nfO{ j[l4 ug{ vf]k
sfo{qmd, kl/jf/ lgof]hg sfo{qmd, :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/–;kmfO{ sfo{qmdnfO{ Jofks
agfpb} n}hfg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
$= dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; sfo{df
;+nUg ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf cGo lgsfosf lqmofsnfknfO{ ;dGjo, cg'udg tyf
d"Nof+sg ug]{ kl/kf6L a;flng]5 .
$=( oftfoft
$=(=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
klZrdf~rn ljsf;
If]qsf] blIf0fL t/fO{df kg]{ of] lhNnf oftfoftsf] b[li6n] ;'ud dflgG5 . b]zsf @
j6f d'Vo /fhdfu{x? –dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ / l;4fy{ /fhdfu{_ o;} lhNnf eP/ u'lh|Psf 5g\
. xfn ;dd o; lhNnfdf sfnf] kq] ;8s !!) ls=dL=, gu/ ;8s ^# ls=dL=, u|fe]n ;8s
#^^ ls=dL= / x'nfsL ;8s nufotsf] sRrL %%# ls=dL= u/L hDdf !)(@ ls=dL= ;8s
/x]sf] 5 . lxpFbsf] ;dodf clwsf+ ufpFdf ufl8 k'Ug ;S5 . ;8s oftfoft afx]s o;
lhNNffdf xjfO{ ;]jf klg pknAw 5 . If]lqo :t/sf] uf}td a'4 ljdfg:yn o;} lhNnfsf]
l;bfy{gu/ gu/kflnsf leq kb{5 . o; ljdfg:ynaf6 afx}| dlxgf xjfO{ ;]jf pknAw 5 .
o; lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd e}/xjfaf6 clw/fHosf] ;a} dxTjk"0f{ zx/x? ;Dd lbjf tyf
/fqL a; ;]jf pknAw 5 .
o; lhNnf leq /x]sf u|fld0f ;8ssf] cj:yf
clt lju|bf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'gfn] yk gofF ;8s lgdf{0fsf] tkm{ egbf ePsf
;8sx?sf] dd{t ;Defj/ tyf k'g lgdf{0f u/L ;]jf ;+rfng ug'{ g} d'Vo r'gf}tsf] ?kdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
$=(=@ p2]ZoM
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] ;'Jojl:yt oftfoftsf]
ljsf;sf] nflu lgDg p2]Zo lnOPsf] 5 .
s= d'Vo s[lif pTkfbg If]qnfO{
klxrfg u/L ;f] If]q b]lv lhNnf leq /x]sf s[lif ahf/ ;Dd hf]8\g e}/x]sf u|fld0f
;8snfO{ s[lif ;8ssf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ / gePsf] cj:yfdf gofF s[lif ;8ssf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ .
v= lhNnf ;8s u'? of]hgf leq k/]sf
d'Vo ;8sx?nfO{ qmlds ?kdf ;'wfb}{ sfnf]kq] ug]{ .
$=(=# /0fgLltM
s= s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; sfof{noaf6
klxrfg ePsf s[lif pTkfbg -ks]6_ If]q / s[lif ahf/nfO{ hf]8\g] u|fld0f ;8s ljsf;
tyf lj:tf/df k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
v= lhNnf leq /x]sf cGo lhNnf
:t/Lo tyf u|fld0f ;8sx?sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{ lhNnf ;8s u'? of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/
dfgL sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
u= d'Vo ko{6g :yn hf]8\g]
;8sx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ / cGt/fli6«o ljdfg :yn lgdf{0fsf] nflu kxn ug]{
gLlt lnOg]5 .
3= a'6jn, e}/xjf, ;'gf}nL ;8s
a9\bf] oftfoftsf] rfknfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 6«nL a; ;]jfsf] ljsf; tyf a}slNks ;8s
lgdf{0f ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
ª= lhNnf leq /x]sf u|fld0f
;8sx?sf] lhNnf ;8s u'? of]hgf cg';f/ jlu{s/0f u/L ;f] cg'?k sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
$=(=$ sfo{gLltM
!= o; lhNnfsf ;8ssf] kx'r
gk'u]sf lhNnfsf] blIf0fL tyf k"lj{–efusf nufot cGo uf=lj=;= x?df ;8s k'gM
lgdf{0f u/L lhNnfsf ;a} efudf ;'ljwfhgs cfjfudgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
@= lhNnf :t/Lo k|fylds ;8sx?sf]
lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ ug{sf] nflu ;f] ;8sx?df cfjt hfjt ug]{ ;jf/L ;fwgx?;Fu dd{t
;+ef/ z'Ns p7fOg]5 .
#= lhNnfdf ;8s lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
-9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jf_ sf] k|z:t pknAwtf ePsf]n] ;8ssf] lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/sf]
nflu lh=lj=;= n] l6k/, 6«s tyf /f]n/sf] Joj:yf u/L lgoldt ?kdf ;8s dd{t, ;+ef/
u/fpb} n}hfg] ;fy} cfjZostf cg';f/ pqm oflGqs pks/0f uf=lj=;= nfO{ klg pknAw
u/fOg]5 .
$= lhNnfsf] ;8s u'? of]hgf
cg';f/ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df sRrL af6f]nfO{ qmdzM u|fe]n ug]{ tyf u|fe]n
e};s]sf] lhNnf :t/Lo k|fylds ;8s tkm{ qmdzM kSsL ub}{ n}hfg] gLlt lnOg]5 .
%= s[lif tyf u|fld0f ;8sx?sf]
ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo ;xeflutf h'6fpg] sfo{df hf]8lbOg]5 .
$=!) l;+rfO{ tydf gbL lgoGq0f
$=!)=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
o; lhNnfdf /x]sf] *%(@@ x]S6/ v]tL of]Uo
hldg dWo] $#*(# x]S6/ hldgdf l;rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . o; lhNnfdf :yflo / df};dL
u/L sl/a #% j6f gbLgfnfx? 5g\ . of] lhNnf e"ldut tyf ;tx l;rfO{sf] lx;fjn]
w]/}} pko'Qm 5 . o; lhNnfdf lhNnf l;FrfO{ sfof{no tyf e}/xjf n'lDagL
e"ldut hn kl/of]hgf, gns"k cfof]hgf -a'6jn_ h:tf l;+rfO{ If]qdf
sfo{/t cfof]hgfx? 5g\ .
$=!)=@ p2]ZoM
!= lhNnfsf] s[lif of]Uo hldgdf
l;+rfO{sf] cfjZosd Joj:yf ldnfO{ afnL ;3gtf / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 u/L s[lif pTkfbg
a9fpg] .
$=!)=# /0fgLltM
!= ;Dkgg l;+rfO{ of]hgsf]
Ifdtfsf] pkof]u ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
@= lgdf{0fflwg l;+rfO{ of]hgf
;dodf k"/f ug{ cfjZos /0fgLlt lnOg]5 .
#= lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ v]tL
of]Uo0 hldgdf of]hgfa4 ?kdf lbuf] l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] gLlt lnO{g]5 .
$= lhNnfdf /x]sf l;rfO{
;+/rgfx?sf] ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
%= s[ifs s'nfx?sf] Plss[t ?kdf
ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
^= lhNnf leqsf gbL s6fgsf]
lj:t[t cWoog u/L gbL lgoGq0fsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
&= l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfx?sf]
klxrfg / sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo hn pkef]Qmf ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;lqmo agfO{ Jofks hg
;xeflutfdf ;DkGg l;+rfO{ of]hgfsf] ;+rfng / gofF of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{
sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] gLlt lnO{g]5 .
*= bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgfsf] nIo
k|fKtLsf] gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
$=!)=$ sfo{gLltM
!= cfufdL % jif{ leq s"n
v]tL of]Uo dWo]af6 yk %))) x]S6/ hldgdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofOg]5 .
@= s[ifsx?af6 ;+rfng eO{/x]sf
l;+rfO{ of]hgfx?sf] affw tyf cGo cfjZos ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f u/L ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
#= pkef]Qmf s[ifsx?sf] dfu /
;+3g s[lif sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] :yfgdf ePsf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfx?sf] ;'b[l9s/0f
ul/g]5 .
$= s[ifs s'nfx?sf] sdf08 If]qsf]
Plss[t ?kdf ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ ;DalGw cfjZostfsf] klxrfg, of]hgf th'{df
sfof{Gjog, pkof]u, cg'udg, d"Nof+sg ug]{ tyf lhNnf :t/df ;fgf cfof]hgfx?
;+rfng ug{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
%= gbL lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu
lhNnfdf pknAw >f]t ;fwgdf d'Vo tyf tf/hfnL ljt/0f ug'{sf ;fy ;fy} k/Dk/fu
tyf Bio Engineering sf tl/sfx? h:t}M afF;, ?v cflb /f]Kg] sfo{qmdnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
^= lhNnfdf /x]sf gbL gfnfx?sf]
lj:t[t cWoog u/L u'? of]hgf agfo{ gbL lgoGq0f ub}{ nlug]5 .
$=!! vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO{
$=!!=! jt{dfg
cj:yfM
?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vof ^%#@$&
dWo] #)!#() hg;+VofnfO{ vfg]kfgL ;]jf k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . u|fld0f If]q leq tkm{
%&=!^) lhNnfjf;Lx? vfg]kfgL ; jfaf6 nfeflGjt b]lvG5g eg] zx/L If]q tkm{
l;4fy{gu/ gu/kflnsfdf vf;} >f]tsf] cefj b]lvb}g t/ a'6jn g=kf= If]qdf
;'Vvf ;dodf >f]tsf] cefj b]lvg'sf
;fy} ltgfp vf]nfaf6 pknAw kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf] .
